CARDIO
SUMMARY OF
INDEX
FRACTURE RIBS
EMPYEMA THORACIS
HEMOTHORAX
PNEUMOTHORAX
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
CARDIAC ARREST
CARDIAC TAMPONADE
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, Traumas:
1) Fracture rib ® blunt trauma.
2) Pneumothorax ® blunt trauma
Simple (isolated) Flail Chest except open type is penetrating.
3) Hemo-thx & cardiac tamponade
DEF. · Fracture 1 or more ribs. · Fracture 3 or more ribs. ® blunt or penetrating
· at 1 site only. · > 1 site ® creating a flail segment.
ETIOLOGY · Direct ® Blunt trauma. (directed inwards ® Visceral inj. is common)
· Indirect ® Antero-post. Crush ® fracture at angle. (directed outwards ® less visceral inj.)
C/P & ORTHO SCHEME + Pain on 1) Dyspnea, Cyanosis
COMPLICATIONS breathing or coughing. 2) Tachycardia.
3) Restlessness & confusion.
4) Engorged Neck veins.
COMPLICATIONS · Lung contusion. · Paradoxical respiration ® Diagnostic cl. sign.
· Pneumothorax, hemothorax. · Pendular respiration ® switch of gases bet. 2 lungs
® CO2 in blood ® hypoxia.
· Surgical emphysema.
· Mediastinal flutter (COD) dt Kink of great vs. ® Cardiac arrest.
· Rupture spleen – liver.
INVEST. · CXR ® diag. & exclude comp.
· Lower ribs ® Abd. U/S.
TTT. CONSERVATIVE : ANALGESICS · ER. Strapping “Elastoplast” ® fix the flail segment.
· NSAID. · ETT + Mech. ventilation (PEEP) for 2 wks. till healing.
Stove in chest = Flail chest but
the flail segment is sucked & fixed · IC nerve block.
· OR + IF ® only if Thoracotomy is indicated.
over the lung ® lung laceration. · Epidural analgesia. (eg: lung contusion) 1
SUMMARY OF
INDEX
FRACTURE RIBS
EMPYEMA THORACIS
HEMOTHORAX
PNEUMOTHORAX
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
CARDIAC ARREST
CARDIAC TAMPONADE
if you found it useful
kindly share!
, Traumas:
1) Fracture rib ® blunt trauma.
2) Pneumothorax ® blunt trauma
Simple (isolated) Flail Chest except open type is penetrating.
3) Hemo-thx & cardiac tamponade
DEF. · Fracture 1 or more ribs. · Fracture 3 or more ribs. ® blunt or penetrating
· at 1 site only. · > 1 site ® creating a flail segment.
ETIOLOGY · Direct ® Blunt trauma. (directed inwards ® Visceral inj. is common)
· Indirect ® Antero-post. Crush ® fracture at angle. (directed outwards ® less visceral inj.)
C/P & ORTHO SCHEME + Pain on 1) Dyspnea, Cyanosis
COMPLICATIONS breathing or coughing. 2) Tachycardia.
3) Restlessness & confusion.
4) Engorged Neck veins.
COMPLICATIONS · Lung contusion. · Paradoxical respiration ® Diagnostic cl. sign.
· Pneumothorax, hemothorax. · Pendular respiration ® switch of gases bet. 2 lungs
® CO2 in blood ® hypoxia.
· Surgical emphysema.
· Mediastinal flutter (COD) dt Kink of great vs. ® Cardiac arrest.
· Rupture spleen – liver.
INVEST. · CXR ® diag. & exclude comp.
· Lower ribs ® Abd. U/S.
TTT. CONSERVATIVE : ANALGESICS · ER. Strapping “Elastoplast” ® fix the flail segment.
· NSAID. · ETT + Mech. ventilation (PEEP) for 2 wks. till healing.
Stove in chest = Flail chest but
the flail segment is sucked & fixed · IC nerve block.
· OR + IF ® only if Thoracotomy is indicated.
over the lung ® lung laceration. · Epidural analgesia. (eg: lung contusion) 1
