HESI GERIATRIC EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

Heat Application - Answer + Heat produces vasodilation= dilation of the blood blood flow to the rest of the body= decreases--result in increased pulse, dizziness, & shortness of breath + Frequency & duration of heat therapy (HCP order) + Hot moist compresses= increase circulation= decrease edema, & consolidate any purulent exudate Cold Application - Answer + Produces vasoconstriction= narrowing of blood vessels decreases blood flow to area--blood flow to other organs & tissues increases (reaction--body shivers) + Cold compresses= treat inflammation & prevent edema (clean/sterile)--applied for 20 min. at 59°F analyze Pt. for: erythema, burning sensation, numbness, mottling, extreme paleness, cyanosis (sensation pattern: coldpain reliefburning skin painnumbness) Osteoporosis - Answer + Loss of bone density + Assessment: SD= ask complaints of pain that worsens when sitting, standing, coughing, sneezing, & straining OD= Pt. spinal deformity/height loss, increased lordosis, scoliosis, & kyphosis, gait impairment associated w/ inability to maintain erect posture +Diagnostic Tests= CBC: serum calcium, phosphorus, & alkaline phosphate, BUN, creatinine level, urinalysis, liver & thyroid fnx. +Medical Management= calcium supplements (m=1000 mg, w=1500mg) +Nursing Interventions & Pt. Teaching: A diet rich in milk & dairy products Teach Pt. relaxation techniques--stop smoking Safety measures: side rails, bedside commodes w seat elevators, rubber mats in showers (prevent falls) Encourage weight-bearing exercises to increase bone density Decrease caffeine intake *Vitamin D