Motivation (Final Exam) 2023 Summer/ 130
Questions and Answers/Verified.
1.1. Why are people not motivated the same way from either external sources or internal
sources of motivation? The reason people differ in what motivates them is that
A. people differ in terms of stable individual differences like needs and traits
B. each person has a different evolutionary history
C. not every person has the same degree of knowledge necessary to execute behavior
D. people differ in the intelligence that is necessary to satisfy a need or achieve a goal - -
A. people differ in terms of stable individual differences like needs and traits
-1.2. It depends on the country whether a person prefers rice over mashed potatoes.
This preference indicates the effects of ___________. In all countries, people enjoy
sweet-tasting food, which indicates the effects of __________.
A. evolutionary history, personal history
B. personal history, personal history
C. evolutionary history, evolutionary history
D. personal history, evolutionary history - -D. personal history, evolutionary history
-1.3. What is the purpose of a motivation psychology? The purpose is to explain why
A. motivation seems to vary within a person at different times (ex: hungry or not)
B. motivation varies among people at the same time (ex: men usually eat more than
women)
C. answers A and B (what is motivating varies within a person and varies among people)
D. people want stuff and lots of it - -C. answers A and B (what is motivating varies
within a person and varies among people)
-1.4. Evolutionary psychology interprets various motives in terms of
A. whether the motives resulted from a person's life experiences
B. whether the motives increase a person's chances of survival
C. a person's psychological needs
D. how motives interact or combine with incentives - -B. whether the motives increase a
person's chances of survival
-1.5. What is the implication of motivation as anticipation of the future?
,A. People's prior experiences motivate their current behavior
B. People behave in order to bring about certain consequences
C. This statement is illogical, since the future cannot motivate behavior in the present
D. People's motives pull them to reach a future end-state - -B. People behave in order to
bring about certain consequences
-1.6. The function of the anticipatory response mechanism for motivation is to
A. feel the push of the goal at the end state of motivation
B. respond with a fraction of consummatory behaviors that occur at the end state of
motivation
C. realistically visualize, mentally interact with, and imagine the end state of motivation
D. subjectively feel what it would be like to achieve a goal or end state of motivation - -
B. respond with a fraction of consummatory behaviors that occur at the end state of
motivation
-1.7. The reason or impetus for any behavioral act is known as
A. energizing
B. competence
C. knowledge
D. motivation - -D. motivation
-1.8. Most students, when asked, prefer a grade of A compared to a B. This preference
reflects what concept of motivation?
A. strength of a motive
B. push motivation
C. emotion of pride when earning a grade of A
D. value of an incentive - -D. value of an incentive
-1.9. The psychological sensation of hunger is caused by an empty stomach and low
blood glucose. That is, the psychological sensation of hunger results from the brain
monitoring these two bodily changes. This statement of the brain's actions as an
explanation of psychological hunger sensations involves what concept?
A. ghrelin
B. emergence
C. reductionism
D. affective forecasting - -C. reductionism
, -1.10. As a general tendency, evolutionary history explains why people are motivated by
__________ motives and incentives, while personal history explains why people are
motivated by __________ motives and incentives.
A. similar, different
B. similar, similar
C. different, similar
D. different, different - -A. similar, different
-2.1. An example of Carl Warden's drive-incentive concept is
A. water is linked with hunger
B. food is linked with hunger
C. food is linked with water
D. sugar is linked with salt - -B. food is linked with hunger
-2.2. How do needs motivate behavior according to Henry Murray, who postulated 22
needs, such as the need to achieve?
A. Needs create desires and goals for satisfying those desires
B. Needs are unconscious instinctual impulses that are expressed in behavior
C. Needs are categories of incentives, such as money, grades, and traffic laws
D. People are motivated to increase their need intensity - -A. Needs create desires and
goals for satisfying those desires
-2.3. Some psychologists maintain that love is an instinct that evolved. This instinct
evolved to solve what environmental problem?
A. protection problem
B. commitment problem
C. sharing problem
D. food-scarcity problem - -B. commitment problem
-2.4. Selection by consequence is a concept that applies to
A. law of effect + hedonism
B. natural selection + law of effect
C. hedonism + self-control
D. natural selection + commitment problem - -B. natural selection + law of effect
-2.5. Impulsiveness is to self-control as
Questions and Answers/Verified.
1.1. Why are people not motivated the same way from either external sources or internal
sources of motivation? The reason people differ in what motivates them is that
A. people differ in terms of stable individual differences like needs and traits
B. each person has a different evolutionary history
C. not every person has the same degree of knowledge necessary to execute behavior
D. people differ in the intelligence that is necessary to satisfy a need or achieve a goal - -
A. people differ in terms of stable individual differences like needs and traits
-1.2. It depends on the country whether a person prefers rice over mashed potatoes.
This preference indicates the effects of ___________. In all countries, people enjoy
sweet-tasting food, which indicates the effects of __________.
A. evolutionary history, personal history
B. personal history, personal history
C. evolutionary history, evolutionary history
D. personal history, evolutionary history - -D. personal history, evolutionary history
-1.3. What is the purpose of a motivation psychology? The purpose is to explain why
A. motivation seems to vary within a person at different times (ex: hungry or not)
B. motivation varies among people at the same time (ex: men usually eat more than
women)
C. answers A and B (what is motivating varies within a person and varies among people)
D. people want stuff and lots of it - -C. answers A and B (what is motivating varies
within a person and varies among people)
-1.4. Evolutionary psychology interprets various motives in terms of
A. whether the motives resulted from a person's life experiences
B. whether the motives increase a person's chances of survival
C. a person's psychological needs
D. how motives interact or combine with incentives - -B. whether the motives increase a
person's chances of survival
-1.5. What is the implication of motivation as anticipation of the future?
,A. People's prior experiences motivate their current behavior
B. People behave in order to bring about certain consequences
C. This statement is illogical, since the future cannot motivate behavior in the present
D. People's motives pull them to reach a future end-state - -B. People behave in order to
bring about certain consequences
-1.6. The function of the anticipatory response mechanism for motivation is to
A. feel the push of the goal at the end state of motivation
B. respond with a fraction of consummatory behaviors that occur at the end state of
motivation
C. realistically visualize, mentally interact with, and imagine the end state of motivation
D. subjectively feel what it would be like to achieve a goal or end state of motivation - -
B. respond with a fraction of consummatory behaviors that occur at the end state of
motivation
-1.7. The reason or impetus for any behavioral act is known as
A. energizing
B. competence
C. knowledge
D. motivation - -D. motivation
-1.8. Most students, when asked, prefer a grade of A compared to a B. This preference
reflects what concept of motivation?
A. strength of a motive
B. push motivation
C. emotion of pride when earning a grade of A
D. value of an incentive - -D. value of an incentive
-1.9. The psychological sensation of hunger is caused by an empty stomach and low
blood glucose. That is, the psychological sensation of hunger results from the brain
monitoring these two bodily changes. This statement of the brain's actions as an
explanation of psychological hunger sensations involves what concept?
A. ghrelin
B. emergence
C. reductionism
D. affective forecasting - -C. reductionism
, -1.10. As a general tendency, evolutionary history explains why people are motivated by
__________ motives and incentives, while personal history explains why people are
motivated by __________ motives and incentives.
A. similar, different
B. similar, similar
C. different, similar
D. different, different - -A. similar, different
-2.1. An example of Carl Warden's drive-incentive concept is
A. water is linked with hunger
B. food is linked with hunger
C. food is linked with water
D. sugar is linked with salt - -B. food is linked with hunger
-2.2. How do needs motivate behavior according to Henry Murray, who postulated 22
needs, such as the need to achieve?
A. Needs create desires and goals for satisfying those desires
B. Needs are unconscious instinctual impulses that are expressed in behavior
C. Needs are categories of incentives, such as money, grades, and traffic laws
D. People are motivated to increase their need intensity - -A. Needs create desires and
goals for satisfying those desires
-2.3. Some psychologists maintain that love is an instinct that evolved. This instinct
evolved to solve what environmental problem?
A. protection problem
B. commitment problem
C. sharing problem
D. food-scarcity problem - -B. commitment problem
-2.4. Selection by consequence is a concept that applies to
A. law of effect + hedonism
B. natural selection + law of effect
C. hedonism + self-control
D. natural selection + commitment problem - -B. natural selection + law of effect
-2.5. Impulsiveness is to self-control as
