MDC 2 Exam 1 Multidimensional Care II Rasmussen 2023

MDC 2 Exam 1 Multidimensional Care II Rasmussen 2023 th?: normal nt Transforma- MDC 2 Exam 1 Multidimensional Care II Rasmussen 1. What are the stages of cell growth in cancer development?: 1. Initiation 2. Promotion 3. Progression 4. Metastasis 2. What happens during Initiation phase during cancer cell grow cells become damaged and leads to development of cancer (Maligna tion) this is irreversible 3. What happens during the promotion stage during cancer cell growth?: -re- peat exposure to carcinogen enhances cell growth which leads to mutation -enhanced cell growth of cells by promotors (like hormones primarily estrogen) -period between initiation and growth into a tumor is called a latency period 4. What happens during the progression stage of cancer cell growth?: -An increase in the production of malignant cells -after a tumor reach 1 cm, it already has 1 billion cells -when it builds its own blood supply it becomes a health problem 5. What happens during the Metastasis stage of cancer cell growth?: -move- ment of cells from the primary site and establishing remote colonies 6. Malignant vs. Benign: Malignant -Anaplasia-loss of appearance of parent cell -A larger nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ration -Specific functions are lost-serve NO purpose -Loose adherence-loosely bound due to the lack fo fibronectin production -migration-spreads easily (metastasis) -Contact inhibition does not occurs -Rapid or continuous cell division -Aneuploidy: Abnormal Chromosomes Benign (SASTNOE) -specific morphology -a smaller nuclear-to-cytoplasm ration -specific differentiated function -Tight adherence, bind closely together due to production of fibronectin -No migration -Orderly growth -Euploidy: Normal chromosomes per cell 7. Which cancers arise from blood?: Leukemia 8. Which cancers affect the lymph?: Lymphomas 9. Which cancers originate in the epithelial cells and are likely to metastasize?- : Carcinomas 10. Which cancers originate in the soft tissues like bone, muscles, blood vessels, and connecting tissues?: Sarcomas 11. Signs & Symptoms of cancer: C-change in bowel or bladder habits A-a sore that does not heal U-unusual bleeding or discharge T-Thickening or lump in breast/elsewhere I-indigestion or difficulty swallowing O-obvious change in wart or mole N-nagging cough or hoarseness 12. Staging of Cancer: The exact location of the tumor is designated by T, N, or M. *T meaning tumor, N meaning lymph node involvement, and M equaling Metastasis* 13. Cancer Prevention: healthy lifestyle, early detection, know your genetic risks 14. If you have a PT who has a family hx of colon cancer, what would you recommend?: colonoscopy (secondary prevention) 15. primary prevention of cancer: smoking cessation vaccinations removal of at-risk tissue use of sunscreen using PPE in workplace reducing alcohol modifying diet chemoprevention 16. secondary prevention: cancer screenings (mammogram, colonoscopy) genetic testing 17. Risk factors of cancer: -smoking -consuming carcinogens: flavorings, red meats, nitrites, diets low in fiber -poor immunity -radiation -hormone drugs -alcohol