Motivation 2023 - Final Exam/ 28 Questions
and Answers/ verified.
Pairing science and motivation in the phrase motivational science means that answers
to motivational questions require: - -data-based, empirical evidence to validate
objectively one's claims about how motivation works.
-In general terms, which of the following statements best defines motivation?
Motivation is: - -a force that energizes and directs action.
-If a motivation researcher measured chemicals within a person's blood or saliva (e.g.,
epinephrine, cortisol), then that researcher would be assessing which aspect of
physiological activity as an expression of the person's motivation? - -Hormonal activity
-If using behavior as a way to measure motivation, _____ is the time interval between
the initiation of a response until it cessation. - -Persistence/Duration
-The primary reason why the instinct failed as a grand theory of motivation was because
- -its underlying explanatory logic was exposed as circular.
-The outstanding feature of Hull's drive theory, and still useful for studying motivation
today, was that: - -Motivation could be predicted from antecedent conditions before it
occurred.
-A mini-theory of motivation seeks to understand and explain: - -A single motivational
phenomenon
-Give a short response to: what is/are the defining characteristics of a grand theory?
And why have motivational researchers moved away from this idea of having a grand
theory? - -A grand theory serves to explain motivation as a whole, it wants to explain
, every single aspect of motivation with one theory. They set to fully explain a
phenomenon. For example, the drive theory presented by Hull tried to explain
motivation by stating that motivation arises from bodily disturbances that than drive
someone to correct those disturbances. This theory tries to explain that every single
motivation comes forth from a drive to correct or fix a disturbances, it is all
encompassing of every type of motivation. However, grand theories quickly started to
decline as it was found to have many flaws in its reasoning. For example, one of the
bodily disturbances proposed by Hull was hunger (food deprivation). Hunger creates
drive that energizes a behavior that is motivated towards solving the disturbance (i.e.
hunger). However, this theory falls short when we take eating disorders into account.
People who suffer from anorexia are hungry but they have a stronger motivation to not
eat, so they do have a bodily disturbance but no drive to correct it. Therefor society
moved towards mini theories to explain different types of motivation.
-In contrast to other psychological constructs, like intelligence and personality, the
construct of "motivation" has one great advantage, which is that: - -The antecedent
conditions to motivational states are frequently known.
-If a student puts forth a lot of effort in the learning process by spending hours in the
library and persists in the learning for an extended period of time by continuing to come
to class, she would be rated as scoring high on which type of engagement? - -Behavioral
engagement
-____ are proposed explanations for a fairly narrow set of phenomena. These reasoned
explanations are not guesses - of the wild or educated variety. - -Hypotheses
-As part of the scientific process, a theory might be adapted once more research is
conducted on the topic. - -True
-Occasionally, scientific ideas (such as biological evolution) are written off with the put
down "it's just a theory." This slur is misleading and conflates two separate meanings of
the word theory. Explain in a few sentences why this misunderstanding tends to happen
and Answers/ verified.
Pairing science and motivation in the phrase motivational science means that answers
to motivational questions require: - -data-based, empirical evidence to validate
objectively one's claims about how motivation works.
-In general terms, which of the following statements best defines motivation?
Motivation is: - -a force that energizes and directs action.
-If a motivation researcher measured chemicals within a person's blood or saliva (e.g.,
epinephrine, cortisol), then that researcher would be assessing which aspect of
physiological activity as an expression of the person's motivation? - -Hormonal activity
-If using behavior as a way to measure motivation, _____ is the time interval between
the initiation of a response until it cessation. - -Persistence/Duration
-The primary reason why the instinct failed as a grand theory of motivation was because
- -its underlying explanatory logic was exposed as circular.
-The outstanding feature of Hull's drive theory, and still useful for studying motivation
today, was that: - -Motivation could be predicted from antecedent conditions before it
occurred.
-A mini-theory of motivation seeks to understand and explain: - -A single motivational
phenomenon
-Give a short response to: what is/are the defining characteristics of a grand theory?
And why have motivational researchers moved away from this idea of having a grand
theory? - -A grand theory serves to explain motivation as a whole, it wants to explain
, every single aspect of motivation with one theory. They set to fully explain a
phenomenon. For example, the drive theory presented by Hull tried to explain
motivation by stating that motivation arises from bodily disturbances that than drive
someone to correct those disturbances. This theory tries to explain that every single
motivation comes forth from a drive to correct or fix a disturbances, it is all
encompassing of every type of motivation. However, grand theories quickly started to
decline as it was found to have many flaws in its reasoning. For example, one of the
bodily disturbances proposed by Hull was hunger (food deprivation). Hunger creates
drive that energizes a behavior that is motivated towards solving the disturbance (i.e.
hunger). However, this theory falls short when we take eating disorders into account.
People who suffer from anorexia are hungry but they have a stronger motivation to not
eat, so they do have a bodily disturbance but no drive to correct it. Therefor society
moved towards mini theories to explain different types of motivation.
-In contrast to other psychological constructs, like intelligence and personality, the
construct of "motivation" has one great advantage, which is that: - -The antecedent
conditions to motivational states are frequently known.
-If a student puts forth a lot of effort in the learning process by spending hours in the
library and persists in the learning for an extended period of time by continuing to come
to class, she would be rated as scoring high on which type of engagement? - -Behavioral
engagement
-____ are proposed explanations for a fairly narrow set of phenomena. These reasoned
explanations are not guesses - of the wild or educated variety. - -Hypotheses
-As part of the scientific process, a theory might be adapted once more research is
conducted on the topic. - -True
-Occasionally, scientific ideas (such as biological evolution) are written off with the put
down "it's just a theory." This slur is misleading and conflates two separate meanings of
the word theory. Explain in a few sentences why this misunderstanding tends to happen
