Motivation Final Exam Summer 2023/ 88
Questions with solved Answers/ Graded A+
6 Perennial Questions - -1. What is an emotion?
2. What causes an emotion?
3. How many emotions are there?
4. What good are emotions?
5. Can we control emotions?
6. Emotion vs. Mood?
-Emotion (4 parts) - -short-lived, feeling-purposive-expressive-bodily responses that
help us adapt to the opportunittes and challenges we face during important life events
1. Subjective: Feeling states
2. biological: biological reactions (energy mobilizing response systems
3. Purposive: generate a sense of purpose, impulses, urges
4. Expressive: social expressive phenomena
-Mauss 2005 - -studied intercorrelation between 4 components of emotion ->
results: all pairs of emotion components were positively intercorrelated and that the
correlation between feelings and facial expression was particularly high
-Emotion (def 2) - -Emotions are short-lived psychological physiological phenomena
that represent efficient modes of adaptation to changing environmental demands
-Emotions as Motivation - -1. emotions are one type of motive; emotions energize,
direct, and sustain behavior (fear motivates fight/flight)
2. serve as a readout system to indicate how well or poorly personal adaptation is going
(guilt/disgust= stop)
-Antecedent to Emotion - -a significant life event
-> neural activity-> evaluation (cog/bio)-> emotion
, -Biological process - -emotion can and do occur without a prior cognitive event but not
without a biological event
-Cognitive Process - -emotions emanate from causal mental events (appraisal and
interpretation of situation). emotions arise from appraisal of the meaning of the event
(is it significant?)
-Two Systems view - -parallel and interactive
biological: innate, spontaneous, automatic/involuntary. subcortical brain
cognitive: experience based cognitive system that reacts interpretatively by evaluating
the meaning or personal significance of the emotional stimuli. Cortical
-Robert Levenson 2 systems - -biological provides time tested automatic generation of
emotion while cognitive evaluates to solve novel/specific problems; influence,
complement and back up one another
-Buck 2 systems - -parallel and interactiveBiological: fear, anger, disgust
Cognitive: gratitude, hope, and resentment
-Chicken and Egg (Robert Plutchik) - -emotion is a process that aggregates into a
feedback system: Cognition, arousal, feelings, preparations for action, expressive
displays, overt behavioral activity. can be influenced by interfering at any point in loop.
*The sum of the loop causes emotion, not just cog/bio
-2 Ending to Emotions - -1. removal of significant life event (ex: vaccine appt over)
2. coping behaviors are generated and successfully manage the SLE
-How many emotions are there? - -depends on your orientation: biological vs. cognitive
-# of Emotions (Bio) - -10 proposals average *2-8 basic emotions*
1. small number of basic emotions exits
Questions with solved Answers/ Graded A+
6 Perennial Questions - -1. What is an emotion?
2. What causes an emotion?
3. How many emotions are there?
4. What good are emotions?
5. Can we control emotions?
6. Emotion vs. Mood?
-Emotion (4 parts) - -short-lived, feeling-purposive-expressive-bodily responses that
help us adapt to the opportunittes and challenges we face during important life events
1. Subjective: Feeling states
2. biological: biological reactions (energy mobilizing response systems
3. Purposive: generate a sense of purpose, impulses, urges
4. Expressive: social expressive phenomena
-Mauss 2005 - -studied intercorrelation between 4 components of emotion ->
results: all pairs of emotion components were positively intercorrelated and that the
correlation between feelings and facial expression was particularly high
-Emotion (def 2) - -Emotions are short-lived psychological physiological phenomena
that represent efficient modes of adaptation to changing environmental demands
-Emotions as Motivation - -1. emotions are one type of motive; emotions energize,
direct, and sustain behavior (fear motivates fight/flight)
2. serve as a readout system to indicate how well or poorly personal adaptation is going
(guilt/disgust= stop)
-Antecedent to Emotion - -a significant life event
-> neural activity-> evaluation (cog/bio)-> emotion
, -Biological process - -emotion can and do occur without a prior cognitive event but not
without a biological event
-Cognitive Process - -emotions emanate from causal mental events (appraisal and
interpretation of situation). emotions arise from appraisal of the meaning of the event
(is it significant?)
-Two Systems view - -parallel and interactive
biological: innate, spontaneous, automatic/involuntary. subcortical brain
cognitive: experience based cognitive system that reacts interpretatively by evaluating
the meaning or personal significance of the emotional stimuli. Cortical
-Robert Levenson 2 systems - -biological provides time tested automatic generation of
emotion while cognitive evaluates to solve novel/specific problems; influence,
complement and back up one another
-Buck 2 systems - -parallel and interactiveBiological: fear, anger, disgust
Cognitive: gratitude, hope, and resentment
-Chicken and Egg (Robert Plutchik) - -emotion is a process that aggregates into a
feedback system: Cognition, arousal, feelings, preparations for action, expressive
displays, overt behavioral activity. can be influenced by interfering at any point in loop.
*The sum of the loop causes emotion, not just cog/bio
-2 Ending to Emotions - -1. removal of significant life event (ex: vaccine appt over)
2. coping behaviors are generated and successfully manage the SLE
-How many emotions are there? - -depends on your orientation: biological vs. cognitive
-# of Emotions (Bio) - -10 proposals average *2-8 basic emotions*
1. small number of basic emotions exits
