NR 293 - EXAM 1 2023/2024 /149 Questions And Answers (A+) (100% Verified Q&A)

NR 293 - EXAM 1 2023/2024 Quiz :Drug - √Answer :Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism Quiz :Pharmacology - √Answer :The study or science of drugs Quiz :Chemical Name - √Answer :Describes the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure (not usually used in nursing) Quiz :Generic Name - √Answer :Name given by the United States Adopted Names council. The universal name, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen Quiz :Trade Name - √Answer :AKA proprietary name. The drug has a registered trademark, use of the name is restricted by the drug's patent owner. Ex is Motrin and Advil, they are both ibuprofen Quiz :Pharmaceutics - √Answer :The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the drug affects the body. Oral, rectal, transdermal, etc. Quiz :Pharmacodynamics - √Answer :The study of what the drug does to the body. The mechanism of drug actions in living tissues and drug-receptor relationships Quiz :Pharmacotherapeutics - √Answer :The clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat disease. Defines principles of drug actions- the cellular processes that change in response to the presence of drug molecules. Drugs are organized into pharmacologic classes, like antihypertensives. Ex: elderly taking baby aspirin to prevent strokes Quiz :Pharmacognosy - √Answer :The study of natural drug sources, like plants, animals and minerals. Quiz :Pharmaceutic Properties - √Answer :Different drug dosage forms have different properties. Dosage form determines the rate of drug dissolution. Enteric-coated tablets protect patients from stomach irritation. Quiz :Fastest Route of Oral Drug Absorption - √Answer :1. Oral disintegration, buccal tabs, and oral soluble wafers 2. Liquids, elixirs, and syrups 3. Suspension solutions 4. Powders 5. Capsules 6. Tablets 7. Coated tablets 8. Enteric-coated tabletes Quiz :Pharmacokinetics - √Answer :The study of what the body does to the drug. A drug's time to onset of action, time to peak effect, and duration of action. -Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion Quiz :Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - √Answer :Movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues. Quiz :Bioavailability - √Answer :A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route. Giving a med through the IV, you will have 100% of the med in the bloodstream, none is lost. Quiz :First-Pass Effect - √Answer :The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation. If you give a PO med, the GI system digests, liver transforms, and then it reaches the bloodstream. Not 100% of the med reaches the bloodstream, you lose some as it travels. Quiz :Enteral Route of Drug Administration - √Answer :The drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation through the oral or gastric mucosa or the small intestine. Types of enteral are oral, sublingual, buccal, and rectal. Quiz :Parenteral Route of Drug Administration - √Answer :Though an IV, IM, subcutaneous, intradermal, intraarterial, intrathecal, and intraarticular Quiz :Topical Route of Drug Administration - √Answer :Skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, rectum, vagina Quiz :Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - √Answer :The transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action. Protein-binding, water-soluble vs fat-soluble, blood-brain barrier. Quiz :Protein-Binding Drugs - √Answer :After you take the medication, it is in the blood attached to protein, mainly albumin. When the drug binds to albumin, it works as a slow release, only the free unbound drug is therapeutic. The bound drug is essentially inactive. Type of drugs that are protein-binding are blood thinners. If a patient is deficient in albumin, there is a problem of too much free-drug. Quiz :Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism/Biotransformation - √Answer :The biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, a more potent active metabolite, or a less active metabolite. Transformed mainly in the liver, but also skeletal muscle, kidneys, lungs, plasma, intestinal mucosa. Quiz :Factors the Decrease Metabolism - √Answer :Cardiovascular dysfunction, renal insufficiency, starvation, obstructive jaundice, slow acetylator, and ketoconazole therapy Quiz :Factors the Increase Metabolism - √Answer :Fast acetylator, barbiturate therapy, rifampin therapy, and phenytoin therapy Quiz :Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - √Answer :The elimination of drugs from the body by the kidneys (main organ), liver, bowel Quiz :Drug Half-Life - √Answer :The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body. A measure of the rate at which a drug is removed from the body. Most drugs are considered to be effectively removed after about 5 half-lives. Quiz :Steady State - √Answer :If you give medications around the clock, eventually the meds you give are equal to the meds removed in half-life Quiz :Drug Actions - √Answer :The cellular processes involved in the drug and cell interaction Quiz :Drug Effect - √Answer :The physiologic reaction of the body to the drug. Includes onset, peak, and duration of action. Quiz :Onset - √Answer :The time it takes for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response Quiz :Peak - √Answer :The time it takes for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response Quiz :Duration - √Answer :The time a drug concentration is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response Quiz :Peak Level Drug Monitoring - √Answer :The highest blood level Quiz :Trough Level Drug Monitoring - √Answer :The lowest blood level. Used to make sure kidneys are working before giving the next dose of meds. Quiz :Receptor Interactions - √Answer :A molecular structure within or on the outer surface of a cell. They bind specific substances and one or more corresponding cellular effects occurs. Quiz :Enzyme Interactions - √Answer :A medication that blocks an enzyme, like antihistamines block histamine enzymes Quiz :Agonist - √Answer :Drug binds to a receptor, there is a response Quiz :Antagonist - √Answer :Drug binds to a receptor, there is no response. The drugs prevents the binding of agonists. Quiz :Competitive Antagonist - √Answer :Drug competes with the agonist for binding to the receptor. If it binds, there is no response Quiz :Noncompetitive Antagonist - √Answer :Drug combines with different parts of a receptor and inactivates it, agonist then has no effect Quiz :Acute Therapy - √Answer :Requires more intensive treatment; used for critical/very sick patients. Ex: giving nitroglycerin for heart attack Quiz :Maintenance Therapy - √Answer :Given to maintain a healthy state with a chronic disease. Ex: antihypertensive meds Quiz :Supplemental Therapy - √Answer :Supplies the body with something to maintain normal function that the body lacks or cannot produce itself (ex: Insulin) Quiz :Palliative Therapy - √Answer :Therapy used to relieve symptoms, not cure a disease. Usually with chronic, non-curable diseases. Ex: morphine for hospice patient Quiz :Supportive Therapy - √Answer :Maintains the integrity of the body functions while the patient is recovering from illness or trauma. Ex: provision of fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration in a patient with influenza who is vomiting and has diarrhea Quiz :Prophylactic Therapy - √Answer :Therapy given prior to infectious signs to prevent the possibility of infection. It is preventative therapy Quiz :Empiric Therapy - √Answer :The administration of antibiotics based on the practitioner's judgment of the pathogens most likely to be causing an apparent infection; it involves the presumptive treatment of an infection to avoid treatment delay before specific culture information has been obtained. Quiz :Contraindications - √Answer :Any characteristic of a patient, especially a disease state, that makes the use of a given medication dangerous for the patient. It is important to assess for contraindications. Ex: pregnancy, allergies, organ failure, etc Quiz :Monitoring - √Answer :Evaluating the clinical response of the patient to the treatment. One must be familiar with a drugs intended therapeutic action, and unintended but potentially adverse effects. Quiz :Therapeutic Index - √Answer :The ratio between initial dose and legal dose. If a drug has a low index, it is a critical drug. Quiz :Drug Concentration - √Answer :The level of drug in the blood. Especially for seizures, you need to maintain drug concentration levels. Quiz :Additive Effect - √Answer :Drug interaction in which the effect of a combination of 2 or more drugs with similar actions is equivalent to the sum of the individual effects of the same drug given alone. 1+1=2 Quiz :Synergistic Effect - √Answer :Drug interaction in which the effect of a combination of 2 or more drugs with similar actions is greater that the sum of the individual effects the same drugs given alone. 1+1= 2 Quiz :Antagonistic Effect - √Answer :Drug interaction in which the effect of a combination of 2 or more drugs with similar actions is less than the sum of individual effects of the same drug given alone. 1+1=2 Quiz :Adverse Drug Reactions - √Answer :Pharmacologic reactions, including adverse effects. Quiz :Idiosyncratic Reaction - √Answer :An abnormal and unexpected response to a medication, not an allergic reaction, that is peculiar to an individual patient Quiz :Four Main Sources For Drugs - √Answer :Plants, animals, minerals, and laboratory synthesis Quiz :Toxicology - √Answer :The study of poisons and unwanted responses to drugs and other chemicals. Overlaps with pharmacotherapeutics. Quiz :The nurse is giving a med that has a high first-pass effect. The physician has changed the route from IV to PO. The nurse expects the oral dose to be..... - √Answer :Higher because of the first pass effect. The first-pass effect is the metabolism of a drug before it becomes systematically available and it reduces the bioavailability of a drug. Therefore, oral doses need to be higher than IV doses because of the first-pass effect. Quiz :A patient is complaining of severe pain and has orders for morphine sulfate. The nurse knows that the route what would give the slowest pain relief would be.... - √Answer :PO. Quiz :A patient is prescribed ibuprofen 200 mg PO q4h prn for pain. The pharmacy sends up enteric-coated tablets, but the patient refuses stating she cannot swallow the pills. What should the nurse do? - √Answer :Call the pharmacy and ask for the liquid form of the medication. The liquid form is appropriate because it is also given via oral route. Enteric-coated tablets cannot be crushed and the patient should not be forced to take the tablets. Quiz :When giving morning meds, the nurse is preparing to administer a transdermal patch med and finds the patient already has a med patch on his right upper chest. What should the nurse do? - √Answer :Remove the old patch, and apply the new one to a clean, different area. Transdermal drugs should be placed on alternating sites, on a clean and nonirritating area, and only after the previously applied patch has been removed. Quiz :True or false. Two drugs that are synergistic do not have a drug reactions with each other. - √Answer :False. Synergistic effects occur when two drugs administered together interact in a way that their combined effects are greater than the sum of effects for each drug given alone.