Special Education Praxis 5354 Advanced Version 2023.

Special Education Praxis 5354 Advanced Version 2023.Behavior: Applied Behavior Analysis -answer Application of learning principles derived from operant condition; used to increase or decrease specific behaviors Disability: Apraxia of speech -answer Childhood Apraxia of Speech: (CAS) Speech and language disorder comprising both a speech disorder, caused by oral-motor difficulty, and a language disorder, characterized by the resultant limitations of expression. uncommon speech disorder in which a child has difficulty making accurate movements when speaking; brain struggles to plan, directing or coordinating speech movement marker signs (signs that distinguish CAS from other language disorders) 1. difficulty moving smoothly from one sound, syllable, or word to another 2. groping movements with the jaw, lips or tongue 3. vowel distortions 4. using wrong stress in word 5. using equal emphasis on all syllables 6. separation of syllables 7. inconsistency (making different errors in the same work) 8. difficulty imitating simple words 9. inconsistent voicing errors: down instead of town Other signs: reduced amount of babbling from ages 7 to 12 months speaking first words late (after 12 0r 18 months) using a limited number of consonants and vowels frequently leaving out sounds difficult to understand speech often can't determine the cause associated conditions delayed language delays in intellectual or motor development problems with reading, spelling and writing hypersensitivity difficulties with gross and fine motor movement skills or coordination