D307 EDUCATIONAL PSYCH. AND HUMAN DEV. OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (2023) (VERIFIED ANSWERS BY EXPERT)

D307 EDUCATIONAL PSYCH. AND HUMAN DEV. OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (2023) (VERIFIED ANSWERS BY EXPERT) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization Physiological Needs (Maslow) Biological needs for survival such as food, water, shelter, and clothing. Safety Needs (Maslow) Protection from the elements, financial and physical security, law and order, and freedom from fear. Love and Belonging Needs (Maslow) Intrapersonal relationships, friendships, intimacy, trust, romance, love and being part of a group. Esteem Needs (Maslow) Self-respect, respect from others, achievement, independence, status, and prestige. Self-Actualization Needs (Maslow) Personal growth and fulfillment, and the realization of ones personal potential as a human being or "a desire to become everything one is capable of becoming." Expanded Needs (Maslow) Cognitive: curiosity knowledge and intellectual exploration Aesthetic: search and expression of beauty and balance Transcendence: meeting spiritual needs or helping others reach self-actualization Physical Development Stages and Expectations- Infants Birth-2: Hold up their heads, reach for things, roll over, sit, crawl, walk. Walk with increased coordination and manipulate small toys with their hands. Feed themselves, make a small tower with blocks, jump and run awkwardly, throw a ball, use a zipper. Physical Development Stages and Expectations- Early Childhood 2-6: Run, hop, tumble, climb, swing. String beads and put together jigsaw puzzles. Scribble, print, draw rudimentary figures. Print their names. Dress and undress themselves, eat using utensils. Physical Development Stages and Expectations- Middle Childhood 6-10: Gain weight and height, permanent teeth begin to come in, advance in speed and coordination skills, improved handwriting and increasingly representational art. Physical Development Stages and Expectations- Adolescence 10-18: Weight and height increase rapidly, puberty begins and increase in hormones begins to impact behavior. Thinking of themselves as adults, may reject adult authority. Boys grow taller and more muscular than most girls their age. Sexual maturity and girls physical growth slows, boys begin to grow into early adulthood. Sensorimotor Stage (Piaget) Birth-2: Learn through movement and senses reflexive or active, sucking, grabbing, looking, listening, crawling, object permanence Preoperational Stage (Piaget) 2-6: Prelogical thought play and pretend, symbolic thinking (pictures, # and letters), language develops, forms many new schemes, egocentrism, centration (focus on only one aspect at a time) Concrete Operational Stage (Piaget) 7-11: Factual and logical thought need concrete, hands on experience mental reversal, seriation, so