P.C. BSC NURSING-NURSING FOUNDATION- IMPORTANT QUESTION AND
ANSWERS BASED ON INC SYLLABUS
LONG ESSAYS (10 MARKS)
1. a. define nursing process b. explain the five steps of discuss on planning step
of nursing process.
Definition:
A process is a series of steps that follow a logical sequence. The term nursing
process is widely accepted to designate a series of steps that the nurse takes in
planning and giving nursing care. It provides a logical framework on which the
nursing care is based.
It is defined as a systematic problem-solving approach for giving
comprehensive nursing care.
It can also be defined as an orderly, systematic way of identifying the client's
problems, making plans to solve them, initiating the plans or assigning others
to implement it and evaluating the extent to which the plan was effective in
resolving the problems identified.
History - Development of Nursing Process:
Lydia Hall (1955) introduced the term nursing process. Lydia identified three
aspects of nursing care: CARE, CURE AND CORE and the three steps of nursing
process: OBSERVATION, MINISTRATION OF CARE and VALIDATION.
In 1959, Dorothy Johnson described nursing as fostering the behavioral
functioning of the client. She furthered explained that there are three steps of
nursing process: ASSESSMENT, DECISION and NURSING ACTION.
In 1961, Ida Lois Orlando explained a three step nursing process: CLIENT'S
BEHAVIOUR, NURSE'S REACTION AND NURSE'S ACTIONS. In 1963, Lois Knowles
given a five step nursing process using the 'five Ds': DISCOVER, DELVE, DECIDE,
DO and DISCRIMINATE. The discover and delve steps are relates to assessment
phase, decide is the planning stage, do is the implementation stage;
discriminate is the evaluation phase of client responses to nursing
interventions.
Characteristics of Nursing Process:
, 1. It is a framework that enables a nurse to give nursing care to individuals,
families and communities.
2. It is systematic and orderly. Each nursing activity is part of an ordered
sequence of activities. The nursing process directs each step of nursing care in
a sequentially ordered manner.
3. It is dynamic. Each step in nursing process flows on to the next step. In some
nursing situations, all the stages occur
almost simultaneously. 4. It is interpersonal. Human being is always the heart
of nursing. In this nurses are client-centered and not task
oriented.
5. The nursing process encourages nurses to work together to help clients to
use their strengths to meet all human needs.
This also helps nurses to explore their own strengths and
limitations and to grow personally and professionally.
6. It is outcome-oriented. The client benefit from continuity of care and each
nurse's care moves the clients closer to outcome achievement.
7. This process is universally applicable in all nursing situations.
8. This can be used throughout the life span.
Phases of Nursing Process:
The nursing process is a systematic method that helps the client and the nurse
to carry out the following:
a. Assessment in which the need for nursing care is determined.
b. Nursing diagnosis about actual and potential problems.
c. Outcome identification and plan of action based on that. d. Implementation
of planned care.
e. Evaluation to determine the achievement of planned goal.
Assessment:
It is a deliberate, systematic and logical collection of subjective and objective
data that are helpful to identify and define problems of the client, before the
nurse proceeds to plan the care. A comprehensive assessment is holistic and
ANSWERS BASED ON INC SYLLABUS
LONG ESSAYS (10 MARKS)
1. a. define nursing process b. explain the five steps of discuss on planning step
of nursing process.
Definition:
A process is a series of steps that follow a logical sequence. The term nursing
process is widely accepted to designate a series of steps that the nurse takes in
planning and giving nursing care. It provides a logical framework on which the
nursing care is based.
It is defined as a systematic problem-solving approach for giving
comprehensive nursing care.
It can also be defined as an orderly, systematic way of identifying the client's
problems, making plans to solve them, initiating the plans or assigning others
to implement it and evaluating the extent to which the plan was effective in
resolving the problems identified.
History - Development of Nursing Process:
Lydia Hall (1955) introduced the term nursing process. Lydia identified three
aspects of nursing care: CARE, CURE AND CORE and the three steps of nursing
process: OBSERVATION, MINISTRATION OF CARE and VALIDATION.
In 1959, Dorothy Johnson described nursing as fostering the behavioral
functioning of the client. She furthered explained that there are three steps of
nursing process: ASSESSMENT, DECISION and NURSING ACTION.
In 1961, Ida Lois Orlando explained a three step nursing process: CLIENT'S
BEHAVIOUR, NURSE'S REACTION AND NURSE'S ACTIONS. In 1963, Lois Knowles
given a five step nursing process using the 'five Ds': DISCOVER, DELVE, DECIDE,
DO and DISCRIMINATE. The discover and delve steps are relates to assessment
phase, decide is the planning stage, do is the implementation stage;
discriminate is the evaluation phase of client responses to nursing
interventions.
Characteristics of Nursing Process:
, 1. It is a framework that enables a nurse to give nursing care to individuals,
families and communities.
2. It is systematic and orderly. Each nursing activity is part of an ordered
sequence of activities. The nursing process directs each step of nursing care in
a sequentially ordered manner.
3. It is dynamic. Each step in nursing process flows on to the next step. In some
nursing situations, all the stages occur
almost simultaneously. 4. It is interpersonal. Human being is always the heart
of nursing. In this nurses are client-centered and not task
oriented.
5. The nursing process encourages nurses to work together to help clients to
use their strengths to meet all human needs.
This also helps nurses to explore their own strengths and
limitations and to grow personally and professionally.
6. It is outcome-oriented. The client benefit from continuity of care and each
nurse's care moves the clients closer to outcome achievement.
7. This process is universally applicable in all nursing situations.
8. This can be used throughout the life span.
Phases of Nursing Process:
The nursing process is a systematic method that helps the client and the nurse
to carry out the following:
a. Assessment in which the need for nursing care is determined.
b. Nursing diagnosis about actual and potential problems.
c. Outcome identification and plan of action based on that. d. Implementation
of planned care.
e. Evaluation to determine the achievement of planned goal.
Assessment:
It is a deliberate, systematic and logical collection of subjective and objective
data that are helpful to identify and define problems of the client, before the
nurse proceeds to plan the care. A comprehensive assessment is holistic and
