ATI PREDICTOR/NCLEX Test Questions and Correct Answers

CBC (complete blood count) Components - RBC Hbg, Hct, WBC, PLT BMP/CMP Components - NA, K, Ca, Mg, Phos, Creatinine, BUN,Albumin, Glucose Normal RBC count - 4-5.3 million/mm3w What happens to body temp prior to ovulation? - Drops Normal: Hbg (hemoglobin) level - 12-17g/dL Normal Hct level (Portion of RBC/ Plasma) - -33-51% (3x Hbg) -See increase if plasma decreases (even if RBC doesn't increase) -See decrease if over hydrated (even if RBC doesn't decrease) *If someone is bleeding out, they are losing RBC and Plasma equally, so you will not see an initial decline in Hct Normal PLT count - 150,000-450,000/mm3 Normal WBC count - -4,500-11,000/mm3 -Differential or % of each of the 5 types of WBCs which will total 100% -with inflammation (72 hours after) post-OP, see high WBC (NOT infection) What two types of WBC are indicative of infection? - Neutrophils and Eosinophils What is elevated with patients that have chronic "Osis" And "itis?" - Monocytes Normal BUN level; what it shows? - -8-21 -Indicator for hydration -decreased=fluid overload -increased=Dehydration, kidney damage -IF linked at with Creatinine, shows kidney function If albumin is low, and the med you are giving is protein bound, what happens to patient? - Affects them more intensity Normal Creatinine level, meaning? - -0.5-1.2mg/dL (once 25% of nephrons are dead, we see increase) -1.5=50% nephrons dead -waste product of muscle tissue, MORNING labs With Addison's disease do we see increase or decrease in Glucose? - decrease What is the renal threshold for glucose? (at what level will glucose spill into urine?) - 160-190 Are venus blood draws higher or lower than capillary? - 10-15% higher Normal Na level? - 135-145 Normal K level? - 3.5-5 Normal Ca level? - 8.4-10.2 Normal Phos level? - 2.6-4.6 Normal Mg level? - 1.5-2.6 Serum Osmol normal level? - 275-295 (2x Na) Hypertonic solutions - -D5% in .45% (commonly used) -D5% in .9% (commonly used) -3% NaCl (not commonly used) -Dextrose 10% (not commonly used) With hyperaldosteronism what will we see? - Hypernatremia with hypernatremia, what do we see in BP and P? - increase BP and P What formula do we use to treat hypernatremia? - 1L fluid for every 3mEq above 145 with what diseases will we see hyponatremia? - -SIADH -Adrenal insufficiency (Na loss) In the first 1-2 hours we can increase Na by___________? - 4-6mEq Hyperkalemia Manifestations? Treatment? - -Tall T waves, long PR, Wide QRS -diarrhea, cramps -weak muscles Tx: -Calcium Gluconate -Sodium Bicarbonate -Dextrose & Regular Insulin hypokalemia manifestations - -Bradycardia, ST depression, flat T wave -decreased intestinal movement, ileus, N/V -decreased reflexes parathyroid has what type of relationship with Ca? (direct or indirect?) - Direct S/S and Tx of Hypercalemia/Hypophosphatemia? - -decreased DTR -lathargic -N/V/ Constipation -Short ST Tx: loop diuretics, increase fluids S/S and Tx of Hypocalemia/Hyperphosphatemia? - -Cramps, increased DTRs -Chvostek (cheek) and Trousseau's -Numbness and tingling -long ST Tx: tums, IV calcium What two tests go with hypocalcemia? - Chadwick's (cheek) and Trusods (thumb) Normal Magnesium levels - 1.5-2.6 Hypermagnesemia S/S and treatment - lethargy, drowsiness, N/V, absent DTR, cardiac arrest Tx: calcium gluconate Hypomagnesemia S/S and Tx - tetny, increased DTR, arrhythmias Tx: mag sulfate, mag gluconate Normal albumin levels- up or down with age? - 3.7-5.1 (trends down with age)