Maryville University NURS615
Pharmacology Exam 4 2023 LATEST
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS RATED (A+)
What are examples of inhaled Short-acting Beta Agonists? (SABAs) - ANSWER
Albuterol and levabuterol
What is the MOA of inhaled beta agonists? - ANSWER To relax airway smooth
muscle by increasing cyclic cAMP; dilation and opening of airway
What is the use of inhaled beta agonists? - ANSWER Used in bronchospasm
associated with: asthma, bronchitis, and COPD
When are SABAs used (albuterol and levabuterol)? - ANSWER For relief of
ACUTE asthma attacks
Is albuterol approved in children under 4? - ANSWER Yes.
How do beta-2 agonists affect calcium? - ANSWER They open large
conductions in calcium activated potassium channels = hyperpolarized airway
smooth muscle cells
1. decreased intracellular calcium
2. increased potassium concentration
3. decreased myocleynase activity = smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation
What are examples of long-acting beta agonists (LABAs)? - ANSWER salmetrol
and formoterol
What are LABAs (salmeterol and formoterol) used for? - ANSWER Used for
PREVENTION or long term treatment of asthma
NOT for acute attacks; not first line treatment
,Maryville University NURS615
Pharmacology Exam 4 2023 LATEST
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS RATED (A+)
CANNOT be used alone
What population should LABAs NOT be prescribed in? - ANSWER African
Americans
What is special about the beta 2 adrenergic receptor gene? - ANSWER This
gene causes LABAs to worsen asthma control
Who is more likely to have the beta 2 adrenergic receptor gene? - ANSWER
African Americans; this genotype is present in 1/6th of the U.S. population
How does the beta 2 adrenergic receptor gene cause worsening asthma control
when LABAs are taken? - ANSWER Asthmatics with this gene are at risk for
decreased airflow and worsening asthma control
What are adverse effects of inhaled beta agonists? - ANSWER Tachycardia and
tremors
What is the absorption of inhaled beta agonists? - ANSWER Very little systemic
absorption
What are examples of anticholinergics/antimuscarinics in maintenance therapy of
COPD? - ANSWER ipatroprium (Atrovent) and tiotroprium (Spiriva)
What is the MOA of anticholinergics (ipatroprium and tiotroprium)? - ANSWER
They block muscarinic receptors decreasing the formation of cAMP
CAUSES BRONCHODILATION BY:
1. decreasing smooth muscle contraction of lungs (mainly on M3 receptors)
,Maryville University NURS615
Pharmacology Exam 4 2023 LATEST
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS RATED (A+)
2. decreases mucous secretion
What are ipatroprium and tiotroprium used for? - ANSWER Maintenance of
COPD
What is tiotroprium (Spiriva)? - ANSWER LONG-ACTING bronchodilator for
COPD; better absorbed from lung than ipatroprium (Atrovent)
What is ipotroprium (Atrovent)? - ANSWER SHORT-ACTING bronchodilator for
COPD
What bronchodilator is the best choice in patients taking propranolol? - ANSWER
Ipatroprium (Atrovent)
What are the adverse effects of ipatroprium and tiotroprium? - ANSWER
Anticholinergic -- can't see, can't pee, can't spit, can't shit
What are examples of inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWER fluticasone
(Flonase), budesonide (Pulmicort), beclomethasone diproprionate (QVAR)
What are inhaled corticosteroids used for? - ANSWER Long-term treatment of
asthma (severe, persistent asthma); taken everyday
What is the absorption of inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWER Rapid absorption
from lung tissues; greater with use of spacer
What effects do inhaled corticosteroids have? - ANSWER Anti-inflammatory and
vasoconstrictor effects
Highly selective agonists at the glucocorticoid receptor and some activity at
androgen, estrogen, and corticoid receptors
, Maryville University NURS615
Pharmacology Exam 4 2023 LATEST
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS RATED (A+)
What is the MOA of inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWER INHIBITS mast cell
migration to bronchial tissues
What is the bioavailability of inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWER Low systemic
bioavailability; they produce a topical effect on the lung without significant systemic
effects
What are adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWER 1. Cough upon
inhalation
2. Oral canadiasis/white coating-- prevented by rinsing mouth with water after
inhaler use
3. Rare allergic reactions
4. Burning small of plastic, unpleasant taste, hoarseness or nasal congestion, pain,
HA, or visual changes
How are inhaled corticosteroids to be used and taken? - ANSWER Used for
PREVENTION of asthma exacerbations
Should be taken twice a day, every day
What is the correct order of use of corticosteroid and bronchodilator? - ANSWER
BRONCHODILATOR should be used FIRST then inhaled corticosteroid
What are examples of mast cell stabilizers (inhaled anti-inflammatory agents)? -
ANSWER Cromolyn, nedocromil
What is the MOA of mast cell stabilizers? - ANSWER Inhibits mast cell
degranulation = prevents histamine release
Pharmacology Exam 4 2023 LATEST
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS RATED (A+)
What are examples of inhaled Short-acting Beta Agonists? (SABAs) - ANSWER
Albuterol and levabuterol
What is the MOA of inhaled beta agonists? - ANSWER To relax airway smooth
muscle by increasing cyclic cAMP; dilation and opening of airway
What is the use of inhaled beta agonists? - ANSWER Used in bronchospasm
associated with: asthma, bronchitis, and COPD
When are SABAs used (albuterol and levabuterol)? - ANSWER For relief of
ACUTE asthma attacks
Is albuterol approved in children under 4? - ANSWER Yes.
How do beta-2 agonists affect calcium? - ANSWER They open large
conductions in calcium activated potassium channels = hyperpolarized airway
smooth muscle cells
1. decreased intracellular calcium
2. increased potassium concentration
3. decreased myocleynase activity = smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation
What are examples of long-acting beta agonists (LABAs)? - ANSWER salmetrol
and formoterol
What are LABAs (salmeterol and formoterol) used for? - ANSWER Used for
PREVENTION or long term treatment of asthma
NOT for acute attacks; not first line treatment
,Maryville University NURS615
Pharmacology Exam 4 2023 LATEST
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS RATED (A+)
CANNOT be used alone
What population should LABAs NOT be prescribed in? - ANSWER African
Americans
What is special about the beta 2 adrenergic receptor gene? - ANSWER This
gene causes LABAs to worsen asthma control
Who is more likely to have the beta 2 adrenergic receptor gene? - ANSWER
African Americans; this genotype is present in 1/6th of the U.S. population
How does the beta 2 adrenergic receptor gene cause worsening asthma control
when LABAs are taken? - ANSWER Asthmatics with this gene are at risk for
decreased airflow and worsening asthma control
What are adverse effects of inhaled beta agonists? - ANSWER Tachycardia and
tremors
What is the absorption of inhaled beta agonists? - ANSWER Very little systemic
absorption
What are examples of anticholinergics/antimuscarinics in maintenance therapy of
COPD? - ANSWER ipatroprium (Atrovent) and tiotroprium (Spiriva)
What is the MOA of anticholinergics (ipatroprium and tiotroprium)? - ANSWER
They block muscarinic receptors decreasing the formation of cAMP
CAUSES BRONCHODILATION BY:
1. decreasing smooth muscle contraction of lungs (mainly on M3 receptors)
,Maryville University NURS615
Pharmacology Exam 4 2023 LATEST
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS RATED (A+)
2. decreases mucous secretion
What are ipatroprium and tiotroprium used for? - ANSWER Maintenance of
COPD
What is tiotroprium (Spiriva)? - ANSWER LONG-ACTING bronchodilator for
COPD; better absorbed from lung than ipatroprium (Atrovent)
What is ipotroprium (Atrovent)? - ANSWER SHORT-ACTING bronchodilator for
COPD
What bronchodilator is the best choice in patients taking propranolol? - ANSWER
Ipatroprium (Atrovent)
What are the adverse effects of ipatroprium and tiotroprium? - ANSWER
Anticholinergic -- can't see, can't pee, can't spit, can't shit
What are examples of inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWER fluticasone
(Flonase), budesonide (Pulmicort), beclomethasone diproprionate (QVAR)
What are inhaled corticosteroids used for? - ANSWER Long-term treatment of
asthma (severe, persistent asthma); taken everyday
What is the absorption of inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWER Rapid absorption
from lung tissues; greater with use of spacer
What effects do inhaled corticosteroids have? - ANSWER Anti-inflammatory and
vasoconstrictor effects
Highly selective agonists at the glucocorticoid receptor and some activity at
androgen, estrogen, and corticoid receptors
, Maryville University NURS615
Pharmacology Exam 4 2023 LATEST
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS RATED (A+)
What is the MOA of inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWER INHIBITS mast cell
migration to bronchial tissues
What is the bioavailability of inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWER Low systemic
bioavailability; they produce a topical effect on the lung without significant systemic
effects
What are adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWER 1. Cough upon
inhalation
2. Oral canadiasis/white coating-- prevented by rinsing mouth with water after
inhaler use
3. Rare allergic reactions
4. Burning small of plastic, unpleasant taste, hoarseness or nasal congestion, pain,
HA, or visual changes
How are inhaled corticosteroids to be used and taken? - ANSWER Used for
PREVENTION of asthma exacerbations
Should be taken twice a day, every day
What is the correct order of use of corticosteroid and bronchodilator? - ANSWER
BRONCHODILATOR should be used FIRST then inhaled corticosteroid
What are examples of mast cell stabilizers (inhaled anti-inflammatory agents)? -
ANSWER Cromolyn, nedocromil
What is the MOA of mast cell stabilizers? - ANSWER Inhibits mast cell
degranulation = prevents histamine release
