NUR2603 Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Focused Review
What is pathophysiology? by keeping things relatively
o the study of abnormalities the same, or balanced
in physiologic functioning o ability to successfully adapt
of living beings. It is studies to challenges to maintain
in terms of common, or survival and well-being (i.e.
classic, presentations of BP, HR, glucose levels)
disorders. o Allostatic overload- when
Stress response adaptation mechanisms are
o body’s attempt to try to inadequate or total amount
restore the balance; is of allostatic load is
helpful but can become excessive; homeostasis
damaging when repeatedly cannot be obtained
activated or does not cease. Osmosis vs passive transport vs
Flight or flight filtration
o The alarm stage; because it o Movement of water across a
provides a surge of energy semipermeable membrane
and physical alterations to to equalize the particle
either evade or confront concentration of the fluid
danger. (when the on both sides of the
hypothalamus senses a membrane.
need to activate the GAS in o Called facilitated diffusion;
response to a stimulus, a particles move through the
stressors placing the cell membrane from an area
balance of homeostasis at of higher concentration to
risk) an area of low
Epidemiology and the treatment of concentration w/o the use
disease of energy
o the study of health events o Particles move through the
and patterns of disease cell membrane from an area
involving aggregates of of low concentration to high
people, their distribution, concentration; requires the
and associated causative use of energy; ATP
factors in a defined Edema
population o Excess of fluid in interstitial
Hans Selye’s General Adaptation compartment; may be
Syndrome localized or generalized;
o Alarm (fight or flight), stages +1, +2, +3, +4
resistance (adaptation; Osteoporosis
move beyond the alarm o Most common metabolic
stage), exhaustion (no bone disease in which
longer able to effect a reduction in bone mass
return to homeostasis) results from bone
stages resorption proceeding at a
rate faster than that of new
What is homeostasis? Allostasis?
bone formation. (s/s:
o Maintaining internal
shortened stature, muscle
conditions in a stable state
wasting, back muscle
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, spasms, difficulty bending calcifies, wear of underlying
over) bone, and by formation of
new bone from subchondral
bone at joint margins.
Transmission of infections Pressure ulcers
o An unbroken chain of events o Localized areas of cellular
must occur to allow one necrosis resulting from
human to infect another. prolonged pressure
o Direct transmission: body between any bony
prominence and an external
fluids-droplet, animal object such as a bed or
bites/soil, placenta transfer wheelchair
o Indirect transmission: o Prevention: turn Q2HR,
vehicle-borne (infectious keep areas clean and dry
o Stages I, II, III, & IV
agent is transported to the
host), vector-borne Histamine
o An early mediator of the
(mechanical or biological
inflammatory response;
transfer), airborne (with causes bronchial
aerosols) constriction and mucus
o Most effective ways to break production.
the chain of transmission: o Receptor-blocking agents
handwashing are widely used in allergic
reactions, such as skin
Myasthenia Gravis
reactions and hay fever to
o Chronic autoimmune
suppress the inflammatory
disease; affects
actions.
neuromuscular function of
voluntary muscles Herpes simplex
o Acetylcholine receptor o Two types: HSV-1: occurs
antibodies destroy or above the waist; lips, mouth,
block acetylcholine face; HSV-2: infections in the
receptors of muscle end- genital area
plate of the neuromuscular
junction.
o Vesicles and erythema; crusts
o Manifestations: profound before healing; no cure
muscle weakness and Endotoxins
fatigability o Integral part of the cell wall
o Can lead to respiratory
which is released upon cell
depression from weakness
death and sometimes during
o Mind to head
cell growth
Osteoarthritis
o Can lead to septic shock,
o A common, local
degenerative joint disease, intravascular coagulation,
associated with aging, and respiratory failure
characterized by Herpes zoster
progressive loss of articular
cartilage, cartilage
This study source was downloaded by 100000850299972 from CourseHero.com on 08-06-2023 04:05:22 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/43938798/NUR2603-Exam-1-Focused-Reviewdocx/
What is pathophysiology? by keeping things relatively
o the study of abnormalities the same, or balanced
in physiologic functioning o ability to successfully adapt
of living beings. It is studies to challenges to maintain
in terms of common, or survival and well-being (i.e.
classic, presentations of BP, HR, glucose levels)
disorders. o Allostatic overload- when
Stress response adaptation mechanisms are
o body’s attempt to try to inadequate or total amount
restore the balance; is of allostatic load is
helpful but can become excessive; homeostasis
damaging when repeatedly cannot be obtained
activated or does not cease. Osmosis vs passive transport vs
Flight or flight filtration
o The alarm stage; because it o Movement of water across a
provides a surge of energy semipermeable membrane
and physical alterations to to equalize the particle
either evade or confront concentration of the fluid
danger. (when the on both sides of the
hypothalamus senses a membrane.
need to activate the GAS in o Called facilitated diffusion;
response to a stimulus, a particles move through the
stressors placing the cell membrane from an area
balance of homeostasis at of higher concentration to
risk) an area of low
Epidemiology and the treatment of concentration w/o the use
disease of energy
o the study of health events o Particles move through the
and patterns of disease cell membrane from an area
involving aggregates of of low concentration to high
people, their distribution, concentration; requires the
and associated causative use of energy; ATP
factors in a defined Edema
population o Excess of fluid in interstitial
Hans Selye’s General Adaptation compartment; may be
Syndrome localized or generalized;
o Alarm (fight or flight), stages +1, +2, +3, +4
resistance (adaptation; Osteoporosis
move beyond the alarm o Most common metabolic
stage), exhaustion (no bone disease in which
longer able to effect a reduction in bone mass
return to homeostasis) results from bone
stages resorption proceeding at a
rate faster than that of new
What is homeostasis? Allostasis?
bone formation. (s/s:
o Maintaining internal
shortened stature, muscle
conditions in a stable state
wasting, back muscle
This study source was downloaded by 100000850299972 from CourseHero.com on 08-06-2023 04:05:22 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/43938798/NUR2603-Exam-1-Focused-Reviewdocx/
, spasms, difficulty bending calcifies, wear of underlying
over) bone, and by formation of
new bone from subchondral
bone at joint margins.
Transmission of infections Pressure ulcers
o An unbroken chain of events o Localized areas of cellular
must occur to allow one necrosis resulting from
human to infect another. prolonged pressure
o Direct transmission: body between any bony
prominence and an external
fluids-droplet, animal object such as a bed or
bites/soil, placenta transfer wheelchair
o Indirect transmission: o Prevention: turn Q2HR,
vehicle-borne (infectious keep areas clean and dry
o Stages I, II, III, & IV
agent is transported to the
host), vector-borne Histamine
o An early mediator of the
(mechanical or biological
inflammatory response;
transfer), airborne (with causes bronchial
aerosols) constriction and mucus
o Most effective ways to break production.
the chain of transmission: o Receptor-blocking agents
handwashing are widely used in allergic
reactions, such as skin
Myasthenia Gravis
reactions and hay fever to
o Chronic autoimmune
suppress the inflammatory
disease; affects
actions.
neuromuscular function of
voluntary muscles Herpes simplex
o Acetylcholine receptor o Two types: HSV-1: occurs
antibodies destroy or above the waist; lips, mouth,
block acetylcholine face; HSV-2: infections in the
receptors of muscle end- genital area
plate of the neuromuscular
junction.
o Vesicles and erythema; crusts
o Manifestations: profound before healing; no cure
muscle weakness and Endotoxins
fatigability o Integral part of the cell wall
o Can lead to respiratory
which is released upon cell
depression from weakness
death and sometimes during
o Mind to head
cell growth
Osteoarthritis
o Can lead to septic shock,
o A common, local
degenerative joint disease, intravascular coagulation,
associated with aging, and respiratory failure
characterized by Herpes zoster
progressive loss of articular
cartilage, cartilage
This study source was downloaded by 100000850299972 from CourseHero.com on 08-06-2023 04:05:22 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/43938798/NUR2603-Exam-1-Focused-Reviewdocx/
