CCI Echocardiography Practice Questions and Answers
2023-2024 with complete solution
Which Aortic leaflet is the superior one in the PSLA
Right Leaflet
Name the tricuspid leaflets
Posterior and Anterior
The coronary arteries come off of the..
Sinus of Valsalva
Name the vessels coming off the arch and the most proximal or distal.
Innominate (proximal), left carotid, and the left subclavian (distal)
What cardiac pathology is associated with bicuspid aortic valves?
Coarctation of the Aorta
Where do the most aortic Coarctation occur?
After the take-off of the left subclavian artery, or within the aortic isthmus
Where are the pulmonary veins loca? Which ones are seen in this view?
Rights and left superior (upper) pulmonary veins
Where is the coronary sinus located?
Posterior AV groove
To visualize the coronary sinus in the apical 4 chamber view you should tilt the
transducer..
Posterior
During which phase do the coronaries fill?
early diastole
Where is the chiari network located?
RA
What portion of the pulmonary venous PW Doppler represents atrial systole?
A wave
Know frequency for TEE probes versus TTE
TTE probes are usually higher 5-7MGz, while TTE probes are 2-7MHz
At what temperature is it unsafe to use a TEE probe?
40-45C
Know TEE views by esophageal level (know mid esophageal- ME and
transgastric) and degrees.
4ch- 0 degrees
2ch- 90 degrees
LAX- 120 degrees
Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
The SA node has the highest intrinsic rate of any cardiac tissue.
The save of contraction (depolarization) moves from the endocardium to the
epicardium.
Inside to outside. Look at the purkinje fibers above.
What is the absolute refractory state?
, That period when a muscle cell is not excitable- from phase 1 into phase 3; the 'relative
refractory period' is during phase 3 and the muscle cell might contract if the stimulus is
strong.
Know what P wave, P-R interval, T wave represents
P wave- atrial systole
P-R interval- includes P-R segment (from atrial to ventricular depolarization)
QRS complex- ventricular diastole (repolarization)
What is the normal duration for the QRS complex?
0.10 sec
Frank-Sterling Law
Increased volume= increased contractility
RUBBER BAND THEORY
Acute AI is hypercontractile because we shift up the Starling curve
Chronic AI is failure when we drop off the end
Does a PDA (patent ductus arteriosus) increase LV preload?
yes (when shunt L-R)
Echo finding for preload vs. afterload...
Preload= dilatation
Afterload= hypertrophy
Which study does not allows for the calculations of ejection fraction?
CXR
Does venous return increase or decrease with inspiration?
Increase
Mitral valve velocity during inspiration increases or decreases?
Increases
Hepatic venous flow reveral indicates _______ TR.
Severe
Given a TR velocity of 4.0m/sec what is the RVSP?
70mmHg
A patient has a RVSP of 60mmHg. One year later the RVSP is 30mmHg. What
happened to the pt?
Coanda effect?
Coanda Effect- Define.
Wall hugging effect
Pulmonary venous systolic flow reversal is..
Severe MR
Which of the following is used in echo to measure dP/dt?
Mitral regurgitation
dP/dt measurement of mitral regurgitation assesses what?
LV systolic dysfunction
______ is the rate of rise of LV pressure?
dP/dt
LAP=
systolic BP- MR gradient
Know pressure waveforms for MR (late systolic jump in LA pressure) pg. 97
...
2023-2024 with complete solution
Which Aortic leaflet is the superior one in the PSLA
Right Leaflet
Name the tricuspid leaflets
Posterior and Anterior
The coronary arteries come off of the..
Sinus of Valsalva
Name the vessels coming off the arch and the most proximal or distal.
Innominate (proximal), left carotid, and the left subclavian (distal)
What cardiac pathology is associated with bicuspid aortic valves?
Coarctation of the Aorta
Where do the most aortic Coarctation occur?
After the take-off of the left subclavian artery, or within the aortic isthmus
Where are the pulmonary veins loca? Which ones are seen in this view?
Rights and left superior (upper) pulmonary veins
Where is the coronary sinus located?
Posterior AV groove
To visualize the coronary sinus in the apical 4 chamber view you should tilt the
transducer..
Posterior
During which phase do the coronaries fill?
early diastole
Where is the chiari network located?
RA
What portion of the pulmonary venous PW Doppler represents atrial systole?
A wave
Know frequency for TEE probes versus TTE
TTE probes are usually higher 5-7MGz, while TTE probes are 2-7MHz
At what temperature is it unsafe to use a TEE probe?
40-45C
Know TEE views by esophageal level (know mid esophageal- ME and
transgastric) and degrees.
4ch- 0 degrees
2ch- 90 degrees
LAX- 120 degrees
Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
The SA node has the highest intrinsic rate of any cardiac tissue.
The save of contraction (depolarization) moves from the endocardium to the
epicardium.
Inside to outside. Look at the purkinje fibers above.
What is the absolute refractory state?
, That period when a muscle cell is not excitable- from phase 1 into phase 3; the 'relative
refractory period' is during phase 3 and the muscle cell might contract if the stimulus is
strong.
Know what P wave, P-R interval, T wave represents
P wave- atrial systole
P-R interval- includes P-R segment (from atrial to ventricular depolarization)
QRS complex- ventricular diastole (repolarization)
What is the normal duration for the QRS complex?
0.10 sec
Frank-Sterling Law
Increased volume= increased contractility
RUBBER BAND THEORY
Acute AI is hypercontractile because we shift up the Starling curve
Chronic AI is failure when we drop off the end
Does a PDA (patent ductus arteriosus) increase LV preload?
yes (when shunt L-R)
Echo finding for preload vs. afterload...
Preload= dilatation
Afterload= hypertrophy
Which study does not allows for the calculations of ejection fraction?
CXR
Does venous return increase or decrease with inspiration?
Increase
Mitral valve velocity during inspiration increases or decreases?
Increases
Hepatic venous flow reveral indicates _______ TR.
Severe
Given a TR velocity of 4.0m/sec what is the RVSP?
70mmHg
A patient has a RVSP of 60mmHg. One year later the RVSP is 30mmHg. What
happened to the pt?
Coanda effect?
Coanda Effect- Define.
Wall hugging effect
Pulmonary venous systolic flow reversal is..
Severe MR
Which of the following is used in echo to measure dP/dt?
Mitral regurgitation
dP/dt measurement of mitral regurgitation assesses what?
LV systolic dysfunction
______ is the rate of rise of LV pressure?
dP/dt
LAP=
systolic BP- MR gradient
Know pressure waveforms for MR (late systolic jump in LA pressure) pg. 97
...
