MDC2 Exam 2 2023 Reviesed
Normal pH values - Correct Answers 7.35-7.45
How does the respiratory system compensate for acid-base imbalances? - Correct
Answers Hyperventilation and hypoventilation
What body system compensates for acid-base imbalances of metabolic origin? -
Correct Answers Lungs
Which body system is most sensitive to acid-base changes? - Correct Answers
Respiratory system
How quickly does the respiratory system begin to compensate for changes in the acid-
base balance? - Correct Answers Seconds to minutes
What is the pathophysiology for acidosis? - Correct Answers There is an excess of H+
ions
What is the pH level when it is acidic? - Correct Answers Below 7.35
What is the normal PaCO2 level? - Correct Answers 45 - 35
What is the normal PO2 level? - Correct Answers 80-100 mmHg
What is the normal HCO3 level? - Correct Answers 22-26 mEq/L
What are the signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis? - Correct Answers Headache
Decreased BP (Hypotension)
Decreased HR (Bradycardia)
Decreased LOC
Hyperkalemia
Muscle twitching
Nausea/ vomiting/ diarrhea
Kussmaul respirations
Warm, flushed dry skin
What causes respiratory acidosis? - Correct Answers Respiratory depression
Inadequate chest expansion
Airway obstruction
Reduced avelor-capillary diffusion
What diseases/ illnesses commonly cause respiratory acidosis? - Correct Answers
COPD
, Pneumonia
Asthma
Drug overdose
What are the signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis? - Correct Answers
Hypoventilation leading to hypoxia
Rapid, shallow respirations
Dyspnea
Decreased HR (Bradycardia, thready & weak pulse)
Hyperkalemia
Headache
Decreased LOC (lethargy, confusion, disorientation)
Decreased BP with vasodilation (hypotension)
Dysrhythmia
Pale to cyanotic dry skin
(Low & Slow)
What is the priority problem for a patient experiencing respiratory acidosis? - Correct
Answers Reduced gas exchange
What are the treatments for respiratory acidosis? - Correct Answers Bronchodilators
Oxygen therapy
Pulmonary hygiene
Ventilation support
What does the body do to compensate for respiratory acidosis? - Correct Answers
Increases respirations to increase pH
What is the pathophysiology of alkalosis? - Correct Answers Decrease in free H+ ions
Blood pH above 7.45
What is the first step when interpreting ABG? - Correct Answers Look at pH to
determine if acidosis or alkalosis
What acid-base imbalance would be expected from an asthmatic patient? - Correct
Answers Respiratory acidosis
What is the primary nursing diagnosis for a patient with respiratory acidosis? - Correct
Answers Impaired gas exchange
What are the primary causes for metabolic acidosis? - Correct Answers Aspirin toxicity/
overdose
Excessive NaHCO3
Kidney failure, liver failure, pancreatitis
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Diarrhea
Normal pH values - Correct Answers 7.35-7.45
How does the respiratory system compensate for acid-base imbalances? - Correct
Answers Hyperventilation and hypoventilation
What body system compensates for acid-base imbalances of metabolic origin? -
Correct Answers Lungs
Which body system is most sensitive to acid-base changes? - Correct Answers
Respiratory system
How quickly does the respiratory system begin to compensate for changes in the acid-
base balance? - Correct Answers Seconds to minutes
What is the pathophysiology for acidosis? - Correct Answers There is an excess of H+
ions
What is the pH level when it is acidic? - Correct Answers Below 7.35
What is the normal PaCO2 level? - Correct Answers 45 - 35
What is the normal PO2 level? - Correct Answers 80-100 mmHg
What is the normal HCO3 level? - Correct Answers 22-26 mEq/L
What are the signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis? - Correct Answers Headache
Decreased BP (Hypotension)
Decreased HR (Bradycardia)
Decreased LOC
Hyperkalemia
Muscle twitching
Nausea/ vomiting/ diarrhea
Kussmaul respirations
Warm, flushed dry skin
What causes respiratory acidosis? - Correct Answers Respiratory depression
Inadequate chest expansion
Airway obstruction
Reduced avelor-capillary diffusion
What diseases/ illnesses commonly cause respiratory acidosis? - Correct Answers
COPD
, Pneumonia
Asthma
Drug overdose
What are the signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis? - Correct Answers
Hypoventilation leading to hypoxia
Rapid, shallow respirations
Dyspnea
Decreased HR (Bradycardia, thready & weak pulse)
Hyperkalemia
Headache
Decreased LOC (lethargy, confusion, disorientation)
Decreased BP with vasodilation (hypotension)
Dysrhythmia
Pale to cyanotic dry skin
(Low & Slow)
What is the priority problem for a patient experiencing respiratory acidosis? - Correct
Answers Reduced gas exchange
What are the treatments for respiratory acidosis? - Correct Answers Bronchodilators
Oxygen therapy
Pulmonary hygiene
Ventilation support
What does the body do to compensate for respiratory acidosis? - Correct Answers
Increases respirations to increase pH
What is the pathophysiology of alkalosis? - Correct Answers Decrease in free H+ ions
Blood pH above 7.45
What is the first step when interpreting ABG? - Correct Answers Look at pH to
determine if acidosis or alkalosis
What acid-base imbalance would be expected from an asthmatic patient? - Correct
Answers Respiratory acidosis
What is the primary nursing diagnosis for a patient with respiratory acidosis? - Correct
Answers Impaired gas exchange
What are the primary causes for metabolic acidosis? - Correct Answers Aspirin toxicity/
overdose
Excessive NaHCO3
Kidney failure, liver failure, pancreatitis
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Diarrhea
