WGU D167 Psychology; Exam Practice Questions With 100% Correct Answers Updated (VERIFIED)

Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson) - Answer 12-18yr, Adolescents main task is developing a sense of self. Who they are, what they want to be, trying new things. Successful in this stage means that through hardships the adolescent can stay true to self. Role confusion occurs when adolescents do not stay true to self or try to search for who they are. They can become unsure of their identity and struggle to find themselves as adults Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson) - Answer 20-40 yrs, good: love, intimate relationships, commitment. bad: avoidance of commitment, alienation, distancing oneself. If they do not figure out the earlier stages then they may isolate. Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory - Answer Emphasizes behavior, environment, and cognition as the key factors in development Bandura's Social Learning Theory - Answer Emphasizing learning through observation, vicarious learning and modeling Bandura 3 kinds of models - Answer 1. Live: In person 2. Verbal: Explains or describes behavior 3. Symbolic: Video game, movie, shows, video Bandura's steps to modeling - Answer 1. Attention: Focus on what the model is doing 2. Retention: Remember what is observed 3. Reproduction: Perform the behavior 4. Motivation: Must have a need to be motivated to copy the behavior. Social Cognitive Theory - Answer 1.Observational Learning: Observe others 2.Self efficacy: Belief that one can master a given task 3.Self Regulation: Bandura's 3 way's modeling affects behavior - Answer 1. Observational 2.Inhibition and disinhibition 3. Response Fascilitation Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development - Answer Moral development takes place in stages and awareness of other people increases at each stage Kholberg's stages of moral development - Answer preconventional, conventional, postconventional Kohlberg & Heinz Dilema - Answer Obeying the law vs. saving a life Level 1: Preconventional - Answer follows rules to avoid unpleasant consequences Level 2 Conventional - Answer Lives up to expectations of others. Fulfills duties and obligations of social system. Upholds laws. Level 3 Postconventional - Answer Individual's disobey rules and challenge laws that do not align with their own principles. classical conditioning - Answer a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events WGU D167 Psychology Exam 2023 operant conditioning - Answer the learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses Carol Gilligan - Answer moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relationships rather than laws and principles. Their reasoning was merely different, not better or worse Carol Gilligan stages - Answer 1. Pre conventional: I love myself 2. Conventional: I love you more than I love myself 3. Post conventional: I love you and I love myself Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device - Answer every child is born with the knowledge to acquire language babbling stage - Answer beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language. Lip sounds, vowels. Motherese - Answer baby talk Skinner's Theory of Language Development - Answer Skinner, a behaviorist, thought that children learn language through imitation and reinforcement. As parents correct incorrect speech acts and reinforce correct ones, the child learns the rules of language. Behaviorist Theory of Second Language - Answer Children learn language through 3 key processes; imitating, prompting from others, shaping from others (parents affirming a response.) language development theories - Answer learning (environmental or behaviorist), nativist, interactionist Student challenges in learning are related to... - Answer cognitive, language, physical, social and emotional intrinsic barriers - Answer within one student Extrinsic Barriers - Answer environmental circumstances Developmental Milestones - Answer Cognition; thinking and reasoning language; recieve and express motor coordination; gross and fine motor skills social interaction; initiate peer contact adaptive; eat, sleep, bath Bloom's Taxonomy - Answer knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation Signs of cognitive processing disorder - Answer Difficulty paying attention WGU D167 Psychology Exam 2023 Poor memory Difficulty with reading and spelling struggle to plan and prioritize Leads to inconsistent learning performance unless help is given. Followed by poor self esteem and feelings of being untrustworthy. Usually manifests in bad behavior. intellectual disability - Answer a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound Causes of intellectual disability - Answer 1. Genetics 2. During pregnancy 3. During Birth (low oxygen) 4. Disease Behavioral Disorders - Answer 1. Emotional Behavior 2. Emotional Conflict 3. Severe Emotional Disturbance telegraphic sentence - Answer A sentence shorter than five words in length. Utterances and Language Disorders - Answer 1.Language 2. Speech/sound disorder 3. Childhood onset 4. social pragmatic 5. Unspecified holographic speech - Answer Single word to stand for a whole sentence of meaning Spearman intelligence theory - Answer One specific "G" factor, smartness varies across the board, Sternberg's Triarchic Theory - Answer analytical, creative, practical Thurnstone's primary mental abilities - Answer our intelligence may be broken down into seven factors: word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory. "G" factor, book smart Fluid Intelligence - Answer Quick, abstract and decreases as we age Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences - Answer 1. Verbal linguistic 2.Math/logical 3.Musical 4.Visual 5.Naturalistic 6.Bodily Kinisthetic 7.Interpersonal 8. Intrapersonal WGU D167 Psychology Exam 2023 Crystalized Intelligence - Answer Accumulated knowledge and increases as we age. Inquiry based learning - Answer Students learn by engaging in a range of different investigations that are descriptive or experimental Discovery Learning - Answer students are encouraged to learn largely on their own through active involvement with concepts and principles, and teachers encourage students to have experiences and conduct experiments that permit them to discover principles for themselves Direct Instruction - Answer Developed by Siegried for underpriveleged at risk youth. Curriculum based, step by step instruction, quick checks, mastery Sequential learning - Answer must be performed in a specific sequence Working Memory - Answer Captures pictures and does phonological loop Long term memory - Answer Experiences create automated response Declarative Memory - Answer Symantic