NCSBN, NCLEX-RN Pharmacology
Review 2022-2023
PharmacoDYNAMICS - (how a medicine changes the body) - it's the
mechanism of drug action and its relationship between drug concentration
and responses of the body
PharmacoDYNAMICS - 1.Used to help predict if the medication will assist the
client or will produce a significant change in the client
2.Replaces a missing
substance 3.Destroys or
inhibits a pathogen
4. Stimulates, suppresses, or disrupts a process
PharmacoKINETICS - Consists of four processes: absorption,
distribution, biotransformation (metabolism) and excretion
PharmacoKINETICS (absorption) - movement of the drug through blood
circulation from the site of administration to target tissue
i. onset of action: the time between the administration of a medication and
the beginning of its effects
ii. duration: amount of time that a medication exerts its effects, therapeutic
and adverse iii. bioavailability: amount of drug that reaches the target
tissue
PharmacoKINETICS (distribution) - i. process by which the drug diffuses or is
transferred from the intravascular space (blood stream) to extravascular
space (body tissues)
ii. factors affecting distribution
***blood flow to the tissue, e.g., vasoconstriction reduces drug distribution
and vasodilation enhances drug distribution
***solubility of the drug
***binding of the drug to macromolecules in the blood or tissue
***ability to cross barriers, e.g., blood-brain barrier, placenta
PharmacoKINETICS (biotransformation [metabolism]) - chemical
conversion or transformation of drugs into compounds that are
easier to eliminate
i. phase I: oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis by the cytochrome P-450
enzyme system ii. phase II: conjugation of substance, improves renal
excretion
iii. half-life: time it takes the amount of drug administered to decrease to
50% of the peak drug level
PharmacoKINETICS (excretion) - elimination of unchanged drug or
metabolite from the body, through renal, biliary, or pulmonary processes
, i. route of excretion depends on the drugs chemical properties
Review 2022-2023
PharmacoDYNAMICS - (how a medicine changes the body) - it's the
mechanism of drug action and its relationship between drug concentration
and responses of the body
PharmacoDYNAMICS - 1.Used to help predict if the medication will assist the
client or will produce a significant change in the client
2.Replaces a missing
substance 3.Destroys or
inhibits a pathogen
4. Stimulates, suppresses, or disrupts a process
PharmacoKINETICS - Consists of four processes: absorption,
distribution, biotransformation (metabolism) and excretion
PharmacoKINETICS (absorption) - movement of the drug through blood
circulation from the site of administration to target tissue
i. onset of action: the time between the administration of a medication and
the beginning of its effects
ii. duration: amount of time that a medication exerts its effects, therapeutic
and adverse iii. bioavailability: amount of drug that reaches the target
tissue
PharmacoKINETICS (distribution) - i. process by which the drug diffuses or is
transferred from the intravascular space (blood stream) to extravascular
space (body tissues)
ii. factors affecting distribution
***blood flow to the tissue, e.g., vasoconstriction reduces drug distribution
and vasodilation enhances drug distribution
***solubility of the drug
***binding of the drug to macromolecules in the blood or tissue
***ability to cross barriers, e.g., blood-brain barrier, placenta
PharmacoKINETICS (biotransformation [metabolism]) - chemical
conversion or transformation of drugs into compounds that are
easier to eliminate
i. phase I: oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis by the cytochrome P-450
enzyme system ii. phase II: conjugation of substance, improves renal
excretion
iii. half-life: time it takes the amount of drug administered to decrease to
50% of the peak drug level
PharmacoKINETICS (excretion) - elimination of unchanged drug or
metabolite from the body, through renal, biliary, or pulmonary processes
, i. route of excretion depends on the drugs chemical properties
