Certified Breastfeeding Counselor Exam 2023/2024 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT

Where does breast tissue normally develop? Correct Answer: Along the breast line - located from under the arms down to the groin What are the 3 stages of early breast development? Correct Answer: 1. In utero 2. First 2 months of life 3. Puberty Breast development during menstruation Correct Answer: - Estrogen: Induces Ductal System development - Progesterone: Induces Lobular-Alveolar development What is Lactogenesis? Correct Answer: The initiation of milk production How many stages of Lactogensis are there? Correct Answer: 4 What stages of Lactogenesis occur during pregnancy? Correct Answer: 1 and 2 Lactogenesis 1 Correct Answer: Ductal and Lobular-Alveolar systems grow at an accelerated rate (influenced by hormones) - breasts enlarge - high progesterone levels cause an increase in alveoli - colostrum begins to produce in the alveoli When does Lactogenesis 1 occur? Correct Answer: around 16 weeks Lactogenesis 2 Correct Answer: The placenta is released from the uterus and progesterone levels drop - this causes the alveolar cells to begin to release milk and allows them to continue to produce more milk How long does Lactogenesis 2 last? Correct Answer: 2-4 days What are the 5 main areas of the breast? Correct Answer: - Upper Inner - Lower Inner - Upper Outer - Lower Outer - Tail of Spence What are the 2 types of breast tissue and what are they composed of? Correct Answer: - Parenchyma: ductal and lobular-alveolar structures - Strom: connective tissue (fat, vascular, nerve, lymphatic) What is an Alveolus Correct Answer: Small cavity where milk is produced and stored - made of epithelial cells What are Alveoli? Correct Answer: multiple alveolus What is the Intra-lobular duct? Correct Answer: Connects a lobule to the lactiferous ducts What is a Mammary Lobule? Correct Answer: 10-100 alveoli combined together What are Lactiferous Ducts? Correct Answer: connects mammary lobules/intra-lobular ducts to the nipple Breast Anatomy Correct Answer: What surrounds the breast tissue? Correct Answer: Fat Nerves Lymph Tissue Vascular Network Myoepithelial Cells What is the purpose of the Myoepithelial cells? Correct Answer: They surround the alveolus and contract (like a muscle) - pushes milk out into the ducts What is the purpose of the Vascular Network surrounding breast tissue? Correct Answer: - supplies nutrients, materials, hormones to each alveolus for milk production - supplies hormones to the myoepithelial cells for ejection of milk What is the purpose of fat surrounding breast tissue? Correct Answer: protection support provides space for growth What purpose do nerves serve in the breasts? Correct Answer: Intercostal nerves 3, 4 and 5 deal with breast tissue - innervation to the nipple tells the brain to produce oxytocin when breast feeding - emptying of the alveolus tells the breast to make more milk What are Montgomery's Tubercles? Correct Answer: Glands that secrete an antibacterial-like substance that protects the nipples and areola. - found on the nipple and areola - enlarge during pregnancy Lactogenesis 3 Correct Answer: also known as galactopoiesis - the resupply of mature milk that occurs when milk is removed from the breast When does Lactogenesis occur? Correct Answer: day 10-14 postpartum - when mature milk is established - lasts until mom is ready to wean from breastfeeding Lactogenesis 4 Correct Answer: involution - milk production is decreased by apoptosis of the milk making epithelial cells What are the 2 main hormonal influences of breastfeeding? Correct Answer: Prolactin and Oxytocin What is the job of Prolactin? Correct Answer: Milk production Where is prolactin released? Correct Answer: the anterior pituitary gland into the blood stream to the alveoli What is the main inhibitor of prolactin? Correct Answer: progesterone When is prolactin released? Correct Answer: When the placenta detaches, progesterone levels decrease and prolactin levels increase What are some other purposes of prolactin? Correct Answer: - keeps alveoli glued together - inhibits ovulation