CRIME & DEVIANCE
CRIME AND THE MEDIA :
CRIME
- Overrepresents violent & sexual crime
- Overplays crimes
- Gives distorted image on criminals / victims / police
FICTIONAL REPRESENTATIONS
- Women = helpless / victims
- Men = vigilanties
- Ethnic minority groups = criminals
FACTUAL REPRESENTATIONS
- Victims = under / selective reporting / ‘white woman syndrome’
- Police = brutal / corrupt / racist
- Criminals = young / men / underclass / ethnic minority groups
VILLAIN STEREOTYPES
- The supervillian ( eg. marvel movies )
- The psychopath ( eg. joe goldberg )
- The stupid one
- The rational planner
GERBNER : CULTIVATION THEORY
- Due to repeated exposure of violent crimes in the media - the audience become
desensitised to it
BANDURA : IMITATION
- People re-enact what they see on tv
WALL : TYPES OF CYBER CRIME
- Pornography - child porn
- Cyber trespassing
- Cyber violence
- Cyber theft & deception
ETHNICITY, CRIME & JUSTICE :
STOP & SEARCH
- Black ppl are x7 more likely to be stopped than a white person
- Asians are more likely to be stopped under the terrorism act
PHILIPS & BOWLING
- Police have been accused of oppressive policing against ethnic minority groups
, GILROY
- Black criminality is a myth created by racist stereotypes
- Ethnic minority groups are more likely to be criminalised & appear in official stats more
often
LEA & YOUNG
- Racism marginalises people - the media promotes consumerism & materialistic goals
REASONS FOR VICTIMISATION
- Young / unemployed / race
WAYS TO PREVENT VICTIMISATION
- Situational crime prevention
- Youths partake in self-defence classes
INTERACTION & LABELLING THEORY :
- Acts are not inherently deviant / criminal, until labelled as such by society
BRAITHWAITE : TYPES OF SHAMING
- Disintegrative shaming = perpetrator is labelled / excluded from society bc of their
actions
- Integrative shaming = label the act - not the criminal / allowed back into society
LEMERY
- Primary deviance = acts that aren’t labelled - no single cause
- Secondary deviance = acts are labelled - criminals given master status - excluded from
society through humiliation
- Paranoia = people that are labelled as ‘mentally ill’ are more likely to commit crimes
CICOUREL
- Police hold class typifications & are more likely to patrol w/c areas more intensively than
m/c areas
YOUNG : DEVIANCY AMPLIFICATION SPIRAL
- The attempt to control deviancy leads to more deviancy - which causes a spiral
DURKHEIM : SUICIDE STUDY
- Used quantitative data - researched suicide rates in european countries and found :
- Egoistic suicide = lack of social interaction
- Alturistic suicide = too much social interaction / for the good of the group
- Anomic suicide = during recessions & booms - caused by anomie
- Fatalistic suicide = feel as though you cannot change your fate - slaves /
criminals
CRIME AND THE MEDIA :
CRIME
- Overrepresents violent & sexual crime
- Overplays crimes
- Gives distorted image on criminals / victims / police
FICTIONAL REPRESENTATIONS
- Women = helpless / victims
- Men = vigilanties
- Ethnic minority groups = criminals
FACTUAL REPRESENTATIONS
- Victims = under / selective reporting / ‘white woman syndrome’
- Police = brutal / corrupt / racist
- Criminals = young / men / underclass / ethnic minority groups
VILLAIN STEREOTYPES
- The supervillian ( eg. marvel movies )
- The psychopath ( eg. joe goldberg )
- The stupid one
- The rational planner
GERBNER : CULTIVATION THEORY
- Due to repeated exposure of violent crimes in the media - the audience become
desensitised to it
BANDURA : IMITATION
- People re-enact what they see on tv
WALL : TYPES OF CYBER CRIME
- Pornography - child porn
- Cyber trespassing
- Cyber violence
- Cyber theft & deception
ETHNICITY, CRIME & JUSTICE :
STOP & SEARCH
- Black ppl are x7 more likely to be stopped than a white person
- Asians are more likely to be stopped under the terrorism act
PHILIPS & BOWLING
- Police have been accused of oppressive policing against ethnic minority groups
, GILROY
- Black criminality is a myth created by racist stereotypes
- Ethnic minority groups are more likely to be criminalised & appear in official stats more
often
LEA & YOUNG
- Racism marginalises people - the media promotes consumerism & materialistic goals
REASONS FOR VICTIMISATION
- Young / unemployed / race
WAYS TO PREVENT VICTIMISATION
- Situational crime prevention
- Youths partake in self-defence classes
INTERACTION & LABELLING THEORY :
- Acts are not inherently deviant / criminal, until labelled as such by society
BRAITHWAITE : TYPES OF SHAMING
- Disintegrative shaming = perpetrator is labelled / excluded from society bc of their
actions
- Integrative shaming = label the act - not the criminal / allowed back into society
LEMERY
- Primary deviance = acts that aren’t labelled - no single cause
- Secondary deviance = acts are labelled - criminals given master status - excluded from
society through humiliation
- Paranoia = people that are labelled as ‘mentally ill’ are more likely to commit crimes
CICOUREL
- Police hold class typifications & are more likely to patrol w/c areas more intensively than
m/c areas
YOUNG : DEVIANCY AMPLIFICATION SPIRAL
- The attempt to control deviancy leads to more deviancy - which causes a spiral
DURKHEIM : SUICIDE STUDY
- Used quantitative data - researched suicide rates in european countries and found :
- Egoistic suicide = lack of social interaction
- Alturistic suicide = too much social interaction / for the good of the group
- Anomic suicide = during recessions & booms - caused by anomie
- Fatalistic suicide = feel as though you cannot change your fate - slaves /
criminals
