ESP X-Zone: Practice Exam Questions and Answers 2023-
2024 Graded A
The congenital cardiac anomaly seen most frequently in adults is:
a) Ebstein's Anomaly
b) bicuspid aortic valve
c) ventricular septal defect
d) AV septal defect
B) Bicuspid aortic valve
Which echo window is used in the detection and assessment of the inferior vena
cava?
a) Apical
b) Subcostal
c) Parasternal
d) Suprasternal
B) Subcostal
What is the number and location of the papillary muscles of a normal mitral
valve?
a) one; the posteromedial
b) two; the posteromedial and anterolateral
c) two; the inferolateral and posteromedial
d) three; the anterolateral, posteromedial, and inferolateral
B) Two; the posteromedial and the anterolateral
Clinically, prolapse of the mitral valve is associated with:
a) opening snap and systolic murmur
b) diastolic murmur and third heart sound
c) fixed split of the second heart sound
d) midsystolic click and/or late systolic murmur
D) Midsystolic click and/or late systolic murmur
Papillary muscle dysfunction usually results from:
a) Dressler's Syndrome
b) Ischemic heart disease
c) Bacterial endocarditis
d) Rheumatic heart disease
B) Ischemic heart disease
In order to record the vegetation's of endocarditis by echo, the vegetation's must
have a diameter of at least:
a) one centimeter
b) three millimeters
c) three centimeters
d) five millimeters
B) Three millimeters
How many veins connect the pulmonary vascular bed with the left atrium in the
normal heart?
a) One
, b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
D) Four
Which M-Mode finding is considered to be a specific indicator of a fenestrated
aortic valve?
a) Diastolic flutter of the mitral valve
b) Premature opening of the aortic valve
c) Diastolic Flutter of the aortic valve
d) Early systolic flutter of the aortic valve
C) Diastolic flutter of the aortic valve
Which cardiac abnormalities are frequently noted on the echo of patients with
Marfan's syndrome?
a) Mitral stenosis and pericardial effusion
b) Mitral valve prolapse and aortic dilatation
c) left ventricular aneurysm and thrombus formation
d) Dilatation of the pulmonary artery and pulmonic stenosis
B) Mitral valve prolapse and aortic dilatation
Which term if used to describe a segment of ventricular wall exhibits no motion?
a) Akinesis
b) Dyskinesis
c) Hypokinesis
d) Hyperkinesis
A) Akinesis
A true aneurysm of the left ventricle can usually be distinguished from a
pseudoaneurysm because a pseudoaneurysm:
a) has a smaller more narrow neck than a true aneurysm
b) never contains thrombi whereas a true aneurysm always contains a layered
thrombus
c) is always larger in overall size than a true aneurysm
A) Has a smaller more narrow neck than a true aneurysm
Which type of cardiomyopathy is associated with amyloidosis?
a) congestive
b) restrictive
c) hypertrophic
d) infiltrative
D) Infiltrative
In a patient with carcinoid heart disease, the cardiac sonographer must devote
special attention to identifying abnormalities of the:
a) aortic arch
b) aortic valve
c) mitral valve
d) tricuspid valve
D) Tricuspid Valve
Which 2D echo view is best for identifying the malformed tricuspid valve
apparatus that characterizes Ebstein's Anomaly:
2024 Graded A
The congenital cardiac anomaly seen most frequently in adults is:
a) Ebstein's Anomaly
b) bicuspid aortic valve
c) ventricular septal defect
d) AV septal defect
B) Bicuspid aortic valve
Which echo window is used in the detection and assessment of the inferior vena
cava?
a) Apical
b) Subcostal
c) Parasternal
d) Suprasternal
B) Subcostal
What is the number and location of the papillary muscles of a normal mitral
valve?
a) one; the posteromedial
b) two; the posteromedial and anterolateral
c) two; the inferolateral and posteromedial
d) three; the anterolateral, posteromedial, and inferolateral
B) Two; the posteromedial and the anterolateral
Clinically, prolapse of the mitral valve is associated with:
a) opening snap and systolic murmur
b) diastolic murmur and third heart sound
c) fixed split of the second heart sound
d) midsystolic click and/or late systolic murmur
D) Midsystolic click and/or late systolic murmur
Papillary muscle dysfunction usually results from:
a) Dressler's Syndrome
b) Ischemic heart disease
c) Bacterial endocarditis
d) Rheumatic heart disease
B) Ischemic heart disease
In order to record the vegetation's of endocarditis by echo, the vegetation's must
have a diameter of at least:
a) one centimeter
b) three millimeters
c) three centimeters
d) five millimeters
B) Three millimeters
How many veins connect the pulmonary vascular bed with the left atrium in the
normal heart?
a) One
, b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
D) Four
Which M-Mode finding is considered to be a specific indicator of a fenestrated
aortic valve?
a) Diastolic flutter of the mitral valve
b) Premature opening of the aortic valve
c) Diastolic Flutter of the aortic valve
d) Early systolic flutter of the aortic valve
C) Diastolic flutter of the aortic valve
Which cardiac abnormalities are frequently noted on the echo of patients with
Marfan's syndrome?
a) Mitral stenosis and pericardial effusion
b) Mitral valve prolapse and aortic dilatation
c) left ventricular aneurysm and thrombus formation
d) Dilatation of the pulmonary artery and pulmonic stenosis
B) Mitral valve prolapse and aortic dilatation
Which term if used to describe a segment of ventricular wall exhibits no motion?
a) Akinesis
b) Dyskinesis
c) Hypokinesis
d) Hyperkinesis
A) Akinesis
A true aneurysm of the left ventricle can usually be distinguished from a
pseudoaneurysm because a pseudoaneurysm:
a) has a smaller more narrow neck than a true aneurysm
b) never contains thrombi whereas a true aneurysm always contains a layered
thrombus
c) is always larger in overall size than a true aneurysm
A) Has a smaller more narrow neck than a true aneurysm
Which type of cardiomyopathy is associated with amyloidosis?
a) congestive
b) restrictive
c) hypertrophic
d) infiltrative
D) Infiltrative
In a patient with carcinoid heart disease, the cardiac sonographer must devote
special attention to identifying abnormalities of the:
a) aortic arch
b) aortic valve
c) mitral valve
d) tricuspid valve
D) Tricuspid Valve
Which 2D echo view is best for identifying the malformed tricuspid valve
apparatus that characterizes Ebstein's Anomaly:
