NURS 3305 & 5005 Infectious Disease Drug Tables Grade A+
Narrow vs Broad spectrum: Narrow is preferred to reduce resistance to antibiotics. - refers to the spectrum of what it can treat.
Empiric Therapy: using what works.
Bacteriostatic: suppress growth of bacteria, if pt if immunocompromised (wbc) – not as effective
Bactericidal: kill bacteria ..work with patients works with patents to be immunocompromised
Prototype Class Uses MOA SE Notes
CELL WALL INHIBITORSBACTERIAL
PENICILLINS (and related drug)- Inhibiting cell wall
GI heart burn, diarrhea, Penicillin G will not be
stomatitis, discolored affective towards a
tongue, bacteria creating
penicillinase
Multiple DDI’s
MOA: Weaken Cell wall,
Increased bleeding time of Streptococcus sp. (Activ
causing bacteria to take up
anticoagulants; inactivates against most Gram
excessive water and
narrow-spectrum aminoglycosides in in same positive tentanus,
Streptococcus; many rupture. Bactericidal, only
penicillin G penicillinase sensitive IV bag; potentially decreased gangrene and anthrax,
G+ & some G- ; Syphilis killing dividing bacteria.
penicillin efficient of oral syphilis
Bind to penicillin binding
contraceptive. Mechanism of Bacterial
proteins to weaken cell
Resistance
wall.
• Inability of penicillins
reach their target
• Inactivation of
penicillins by bacterial
enzymes (penicillinase
MOA: Weaken Cell wall,
(nafcillin) narrow-spectrum causing bacteria to take up
penicillinase resistant MSSA; staphylococcus excessive water and
(Nallpen) penicillin rupture. Bactericidal, only
killing dividing bacteria
MOA: Weaken Cell wall, Inactivated by beta-
amoxicillin AOM, PUD; H.
causing bacteria to take up lactamases not so helpf
[Amoxil] broad-spectrum influenzae, E. coli,H. for staphylococcus.
excessive water and
ampicillin penicillin pylori, Gonorrhea,
rupture. Bactericidal, only
[Marcillin] AOM
killing dividing bacteria
MOA: Weaken Cell wall, Penicillinase sensitive.
Same as broad-
causing bacteria to take up
extended-spectrum spectrum, plus UTIs;
(ticarcillin) excessive water and
penicillin Pseudomonas
rupture. Bactericidal, only
aeruginosa
killing dividing bacteria
clavulanic acid penicillinase inhibitor Combined with MOA: Weaken Cell wall, [augmentin]
amoxicillin to treat causing bacteria to take up Not a penicillin, but a
excessive water and drug used in conjunctio
, NURS 3305 & 5005 Infectious Disease Drug Tables Grade A+
bacteria producing with amoxicillin
penicillinases
Same as broad rupture. Bactericidal, only
spectrum, plus UTI’s killing dividing bacteria
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and others/
Penicillins are the most common cause of drug allergy
• ALL penicillins are contraindicated for pts w/ allergy to any
• For severe allergic rxn, extends to cephalosporins
Signs of Allergic Reaction
• Reactions occur immediately (2 to 30 minutes), accelerated (1 to 72 hours), or late (days or weeks) after admin
• Hypersensitivity may result in rash, pruritus, fever, wheezing, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, sweating, loc, death
Anaphylaxis (immediate hypersensitivity rxn)
• Laryngeal edema
• Bronchoconstriction
• Severe hypotension
Treatment
• Epinephrine (also potentially useful antihistamines & GCs)
• Respiratory support
• Prevention—skin testing
CEPHALOSPORINS- beta lactam antibiotics- NOT USED WHEN ALLERGIC TO PENICILLINS- weaken cell wall.
1st ---- 4th generation
Prototype Class Uses MOA SE Notes
Staphylococcus in pts If allergic to penicillin, then Less affective towards
Cephalexin [Keflex] 1st generation also allergic to gram neg bacteria
with mild penicillin
cephalosporin cephalosporins
allergy
Bind penicillin binding More effective towards
proteins (same as penicillin)
gram neg bacteria
in cell wall membrane
Bacterial meninhistis, causing cell death Relative to cephalexin,
Cefotaxime/ 3rd generation hospital required
cefotaxime is more active
cephtriazone cephalosporin infections, nosocomial BACTERIOCIDAL against G- bacteria, beta-
infections
lactamase-expressing
bacteria, CSF-localized
bacteria
NON-BETA-LACTAM CELL WALL INHIBITOR
Narrow vs Broad spectrum: Narrow is preferred to reduce resistance to antibiotics. - refers to the spectrum of what it can treat.
Empiric Therapy: using what works.
Bacteriostatic: suppress growth of bacteria, if pt if immunocompromised (wbc) – not as effective
Bactericidal: kill bacteria ..work with patients works with patents to be immunocompromised
Prototype Class Uses MOA SE Notes
CELL WALL INHIBITORSBACTERIAL
PENICILLINS (and related drug)- Inhibiting cell wall
GI heart burn, diarrhea, Penicillin G will not be
stomatitis, discolored affective towards a
tongue, bacteria creating
penicillinase
Multiple DDI’s
MOA: Weaken Cell wall,
Increased bleeding time of Streptococcus sp. (Activ
causing bacteria to take up
anticoagulants; inactivates against most Gram
excessive water and
narrow-spectrum aminoglycosides in in same positive tentanus,
Streptococcus; many rupture. Bactericidal, only
penicillin G penicillinase sensitive IV bag; potentially decreased gangrene and anthrax,
G+ & some G- ; Syphilis killing dividing bacteria.
penicillin efficient of oral syphilis
Bind to penicillin binding
contraceptive. Mechanism of Bacterial
proteins to weaken cell
Resistance
wall.
• Inability of penicillins
reach their target
• Inactivation of
penicillins by bacterial
enzymes (penicillinase
MOA: Weaken Cell wall,
(nafcillin) narrow-spectrum causing bacteria to take up
penicillinase resistant MSSA; staphylococcus excessive water and
(Nallpen) penicillin rupture. Bactericidal, only
killing dividing bacteria
MOA: Weaken Cell wall, Inactivated by beta-
amoxicillin AOM, PUD; H.
causing bacteria to take up lactamases not so helpf
[Amoxil] broad-spectrum influenzae, E. coli,H. for staphylococcus.
excessive water and
ampicillin penicillin pylori, Gonorrhea,
rupture. Bactericidal, only
[Marcillin] AOM
killing dividing bacteria
MOA: Weaken Cell wall, Penicillinase sensitive.
Same as broad-
causing bacteria to take up
extended-spectrum spectrum, plus UTIs;
(ticarcillin) excessive water and
penicillin Pseudomonas
rupture. Bactericidal, only
aeruginosa
killing dividing bacteria
clavulanic acid penicillinase inhibitor Combined with MOA: Weaken Cell wall, [augmentin]
amoxicillin to treat causing bacteria to take up Not a penicillin, but a
excessive water and drug used in conjunctio
, NURS 3305 & 5005 Infectious Disease Drug Tables Grade A+
bacteria producing with amoxicillin
penicillinases
Same as broad rupture. Bactericidal, only
spectrum, plus UTI’s killing dividing bacteria
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and others/
Penicillins are the most common cause of drug allergy
• ALL penicillins are contraindicated for pts w/ allergy to any
• For severe allergic rxn, extends to cephalosporins
Signs of Allergic Reaction
• Reactions occur immediately (2 to 30 minutes), accelerated (1 to 72 hours), or late (days or weeks) after admin
• Hypersensitivity may result in rash, pruritus, fever, wheezing, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, sweating, loc, death
Anaphylaxis (immediate hypersensitivity rxn)
• Laryngeal edema
• Bronchoconstriction
• Severe hypotension
Treatment
• Epinephrine (also potentially useful antihistamines & GCs)
• Respiratory support
• Prevention—skin testing
CEPHALOSPORINS- beta lactam antibiotics- NOT USED WHEN ALLERGIC TO PENICILLINS- weaken cell wall.
1st ---- 4th generation
Prototype Class Uses MOA SE Notes
Staphylococcus in pts If allergic to penicillin, then Less affective towards
Cephalexin [Keflex] 1st generation also allergic to gram neg bacteria
with mild penicillin
cephalosporin cephalosporins
allergy
Bind penicillin binding More effective towards
proteins (same as penicillin)
gram neg bacteria
in cell wall membrane
Bacterial meninhistis, causing cell death Relative to cephalexin,
Cefotaxime/ 3rd generation hospital required
cefotaxime is more active
cephtriazone cephalosporin infections, nosocomial BACTERIOCIDAL against G- bacteria, beta-
infections
lactamase-expressing
bacteria, CSF-localized
bacteria
NON-BETA-LACTAM CELL WALL INHIBITOR
