Mental Status Exam – Bates, Top Exam Questions and answers, 100% Accurate.

Mental Status Exam – Bates, Top Exam Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. dysarthria - -defect in muscular control of speech apparatus words may be nasal, slurred, indistinct but the central symbolic aspect of language remains intact aphasia - -disorder of producing or understanding language *often caused by lesion in dominant hemisphere (usually left) dysphonia - -impairment in volume, quality or pitch of voice CNX aphonia - -loss of voice disease of larynx or its nerve supply Wernicke's aphasia - posterior superior temporal lobe - -fluent but sentences lack meaning and words malformed (paraphasias) or invented (neologisms) impaired comprehension ie. "You know that smoodle pinkered and that I want to get him round and take care of him like you want before." Broca's aphasia - posterior inferior frontal lobe - -laborious nonfluent speech with meaningful words, small grammatical words often dropped comprehension fair to good naming impaired but patient recognizes objects ie. "Walk dog," meaning, "I will take the dog for a walk," or "book book two table," for "There are two books on the table." circumstantiality - -speech characterized by indirection and delay in reaching the point because of unnecessary detail, although components of the description have a meaningful connection. derailment (loosening of associations) - mania, schizophrenia, other psych - -speech in which a person shift from one subject to others that are unrelated or poorly related without realizing the subjects are not meaningfully connected. flight of ideas - often in mania - -an almost continuous flow of accelerated speech in which a person changes abruptly from topic to topic. Changes are usually based on understandable associations, plays on words, or distracting stimuli, but the ideas do not progress to sensible conversation - manic episodes neologisms - schizophrenia, aphasia, other psych - -invented or distorted words, or words with new and highly idiosyncratic meanings incoherence - -speech that is largely incomprehensible because of illogic, lack of meaningful connections, abrupt changes in topic, or disordered grammar or word use. Shifts of meaning occur within clauses. Severe flight of ideas. blocking - may be striking in schizophrenia - -sudden interruption of speech in midsentence or before completion of an idea. "loosing the thought". occurs in normal people. confabulation - common in amnesia - -fabrication of facts or events in response to questions, to fill in gaps in an impaired memory. perseveration - schizophrenia, other psych - -persistent repetition of words or ideas echolalia - mania and schizophrenia - -repetition of the words and phrases of others. clanging - -speech in which a person chooses a word on the basis of sound rather than meaning, as in rhyming and punning speech