NJ EPA Lead Inspector and Risk Assessor
Exam (Answered) Complete Verified Solution
Lead Inspector
A certified individual who conducts a surface-by-surface investigation to determine the
presence of lead-based paint.
Lead Risk Assessor Job Description
Determining the existence, nature, severity, and location of lead-based paint hazards in
an entire residential dwelling or child-occupied facility, and provides a written report
explaining the results of the investigation and options for reducing lead-based paint
hazards to the person requesting the lead inspection.
Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act
(Title X of the Community Development and Housing Act of 1992) The federal
government began to focus on primary prevention of lead poisoning through identifying
and reducing lead hazards.
Importance of lead poisoning prevention/lead-based paint inspections
Focus attention on the sources of lead that could poison children; and reduce the cost
of lead hazard control by identifying which surfaces are coated with lead-based paint.
Lead inspector job description
Identify the lead-based painted surfaces in housing, certify the results of an inspection
in writing, conduct post-hazard control clearance sampling to determine: the specified
hazard control strategy was conducted, the area is safe for unprotected workers to
enter, and the area is a safe place for residents and young children to live.
How common is lead pollution?
Lead-based paint is present in roughly 83% of all hosing stock in the private sector and
in roughly 90% of family housing units in the nation's housing authorities.
Lead-based paint
Paint, varnish, shellac, or other coating on surfaces that contain 1.0 mg/cm^2 or more of
lead or 0.5% or more lead by weight.
Lead-based paint hazard
Any condition that causes exposure to lead-contaminated dust, lead-contaminated-soil,
or lead-contaminated paint that is deteriorated or present in accessible surfaces, friction
surfaces, or impact surfaces that would result in adverse human health effects as
identified by the EPA Administrator under TSCA section 403.
Lead-based paint inspection
a surface-by-surface investigation to determine the presence of lead-based paint. A
report is then issued that identifies if there is lead-based paint present and where it is
located.
Deteriorated paint
Any interior or exterior paint that is peeling, chipping, chalking, or cracking, or is located
on an interior or exterior surface of fixture that is damaged or deteriorated.
Accessible surface
,Surface that protrudes from the surrounding area to the extent that a child can chew the
surface and is within three feet or the floor or ground (e.g., window sills, railing, and the
edges of stair treads)
Friction surface
An interior or exterior surfaces that is subject to abrasion or friction (e.g., certain
window, floor, and stair surfaces)
Impact surface
An interior or exterior surface that is subject to damage from repeated impacts (e.g.,
certain parts of door frames)
HUD Guidelines
The primary purpose of the Guidelines is to guide people involved in identifying and
controlling lead-based paint hazards in housing.
What is lead-based paint
1 milligram per square centimeter (1.0 mg/cm^2) using the XRF analyzer or 0.5% (or
5,000 parts per million) using laboratory analysis methods
AAS
Atomic absorption spectrometry
A2LA
American Association for Laboratory Accreditation
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
CDC
Center for disease control and prevention
CFR
Code of federal regulations
ICP-AES
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Dept. of Health)
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Dept. of Labor)
Pb
The chemical symbol for lead
TSP
Trisodium phosphate
RCRA
resource conservation and recovery act
History of Lead Use
Nearly all of the lead in the human environment results from human activities. Once
lead is mined, processed, and introduced into the human environment it is a potential
problem forever. No current technology will destroy it or make it permanently harmless.
However, exposures to lead can be controlled.
The occupational hazards of lead were first reported in 1713 by Bernardo Ramazzini,
who described lead intoxication in potters working with lead glazes.
,In 1913, Dr. Alice Hamilton, an American occupations health doctor, wrote about
painters and the hazards of their work.
Why was lead used in paint?
As a pigment, to add durability and corrosion control, and as a drying agent.
Sources of environmental lead contamination
The principal industrial use of lead is in the manufacture of electrical storage batteries.
Other uses include the production of ammunition, various chemicals, and sinkers for
fishing and etc.
Lead exposure
The major exposure to lead for most adults comes from the work place (inhalation).
Surface dust and soil contamination with lead are the major sources of lead exposure
for infants and young children (ingestion). (Children: drinking water [primarily from
leaded solder, brass fittings and fixtures, and service lines] can contribute to lead
poisoning)
Lead paint
The amount of lead-based paint in housing is significant - approximately 64 million (pre-
1978) private U.S. residences contain at least some lead-based paint.
Children ingest lead-based paint by normal hand-to-mouth activity. Young children
absorb a significantly higher percentage of ingested lead than adults. Lead absorption is
increased by malnutrition and poor diet.
Lead in surface dust and soil can come from?
Weathering and chipping of lead-based paint, scraping and sanding of lead-based paint
in preparation for refinishing, renovations that break surfaces painted with lead-based
paint, abrasion and/or impact on doors and windows, atmospheric fallout from the
combustion of leaded gasoline that was deposited prior to the phase-down in use,
factory emissions, dust and dirt that is carried into the home on shoes and clothing
(especially from factories or construction sites or by pets)
Lead in water
Lead-contaminated drinking water also contributes to the overall level of exposure -
from as little as 5 percent to more than 50 percent of a child's total lead exposure.
(NAETI Exam: 20% contribution)
Lead in food
Contamination from containers with lead solder, lead glaze, or other materials with lead,
by airborne lead from industrial or automobile emissions deposited on to crops or water,
by uptake into food crops from lead in soil or pesticides applications, and doing
transportation or processing.
A phase-out of lead solder in cans began in the late 1970s.
Food containers: lead oxide is sometimes used to manufacture glazes for protecting
ceramics and etc.
Lead in other sources
Vinyl miniblinds are another potential source of lead in a residence.
CDC, CPSC, and the public health have identified the following: crayons (imported from
, Chile), painted metal playground equipment, pool cue chalk, calcium supplements
(made from bone or oyster shell), some hair dyes (lead acetate)
CPSC
Consumer Product Safety Commission
Health effects of lead exposure
The three systems where the effects are most dangerous are: the central and peripheral
nervous system. the cardiovascular system (including the blood forming system), and
the kidneys.
Exposure to high concentrations of lead can cause: retardation, convulsions, coma, and
death (sometimes)
Acute vs Chronic exposure
acute - exposure for short time at high levels
chronic - exposure to low or moderate levels over a long period of time
INSPECTION IS A CRITICAL FIRST STEP IN SOLVING THE LEAD PROBLEM IN
HOMES THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES. THE PRIMARY SKILL FOR LEAD
INSPECTOR TO DEVELOP IS?
Documentation of information
Lead base paint is found more often in pre world war 2 housing units than those
built since 1940,although all housing constructed prior to ? Is at risk
1978
Aldo lead based paint is found as often and homes of well to do as the poor,
studies prove that the lower income families are proportionately affected. This
apparent discrepancy maybe due to the lower income families having
Where's physical conditions, higher level of lettuce, improper nutritional dietary habits
Mg / cm2
Micrograms per square centimeter
According to Section number 302 of the (LBPPPA), public housing authorities
and Indian housing authorities must
Expect all the wetlands and common areas in pre 1978 family developments. complete
all such inspection by December 6 1996 abate lead - based paint hazards equal to or
greater than 2 milligrams per square centimeter
Many experts agree that a complete lead inspection project should include
detailed reports regarding the dwellings
Interior and exterior surfaces
The history of lead use traces back to many centuries. The oldest known let
object was a statue excavated in Turkey Day dinner around?
1000 B.C
During the Roman Empire, lead production was estimated at? tons per year
100
Some historians hypothesize that the fall of the Roman Empire is attributed to, in
part, to
Increase mental disturbances
Although there is no exact date of which lead based paint was no longer use. due
to excess supplies. Many researchers agree that by the early 19? LBP use was
discontinued
Exam (Answered) Complete Verified Solution
Lead Inspector
A certified individual who conducts a surface-by-surface investigation to determine the
presence of lead-based paint.
Lead Risk Assessor Job Description
Determining the existence, nature, severity, and location of lead-based paint hazards in
an entire residential dwelling or child-occupied facility, and provides a written report
explaining the results of the investigation and options for reducing lead-based paint
hazards to the person requesting the lead inspection.
Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act
(Title X of the Community Development and Housing Act of 1992) The federal
government began to focus on primary prevention of lead poisoning through identifying
and reducing lead hazards.
Importance of lead poisoning prevention/lead-based paint inspections
Focus attention on the sources of lead that could poison children; and reduce the cost
of lead hazard control by identifying which surfaces are coated with lead-based paint.
Lead inspector job description
Identify the lead-based painted surfaces in housing, certify the results of an inspection
in writing, conduct post-hazard control clearance sampling to determine: the specified
hazard control strategy was conducted, the area is safe for unprotected workers to
enter, and the area is a safe place for residents and young children to live.
How common is lead pollution?
Lead-based paint is present in roughly 83% of all hosing stock in the private sector and
in roughly 90% of family housing units in the nation's housing authorities.
Lead-based paint
Paint, varnish, shellac, or other coating on surfaces that contain 1.0 mg/cm^2 or more of
lead or 0.5% or more lead by weight.
Lead-based paint hazard
Any condition that causes exposure to lead-contaminated dust, lead-contaminated-soil,
or lead-contaminated paint that is deteriorated or present in accessible surfaces, friction
surfaces, or impact surfaces that would result in adverse human health effects as
identified by the EPA Administrator under TSCA section 403.
Lead-based paint inspection
a surface-by-surface investigation to determine the presence of lead-based paint. A
report is then issued that identifies if there is lead-based paint present and where it is
located.
Deteriorated paint
Any interior or exterior paint that is peeling, chipping, chalking, or cracking, or is located
on an interior or exterior surface of fixture that is damaged or deteriorated.
Accessible surface
,Surface that protrudes from the surrounding area to the extent that a child can chew the
surface and is within three feet or the floor or ground (e.g., window sills, railing, and the
edges of stair treads)
Friction surface
An interior or exterior surfaces that is subject to abrasion or friction (e.g., certain
window, floor, and stair surfaces)
Impact surface
An interior or exterior surface that is subject to damage from repeated impacts (e.g.,
certain parts of door frames)
HUD Guidelines
The primary purpose of the Guidelines is to guide people involved in identifying and
controlling lead-based paint hazards in housing.
What is lead-based paint
1 milligram per square centimeter (1.0 mg/cm^2) using the XRF analyzer or 0.5% (or
5,000 parts per million) using laboratory analysis methods
AAS
Atomic absorption spectrometry
A2LA
American Association for Laboratory Accreditation
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
CDC
Center for disease control and prevention
CFR
Code of federal regulations
ICP-AES
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Dept. of Health)
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Dept. of Labor)
Pb
The chemical symbol for lead
TSP
Trisodium phosphate
RCRA
resource conservation and recovery act
History of Lead Use
Nearly all of the lead in the human environment results from human activities. Once
lead is mined, processed, and introduced into the human environment it is a potential
problem forever. No current technology will destroy it or make it permanently harmless.
However, exposures to lead can be controlled.
The occupational hazards of lead were first reported in 1713 by Bernardo Ramazzini,
who described lead intoxication in potters working with lead glazes.
,In 1913, Dr. Alice Hamilton, an American occupations health doctor, wrote about
painters and the hazards of their work.
Why was lead used in paint?
As a pigment, to add durability and corrosion control, and as a drying agent.
Sources of environmental lead contamination
The principal industrial use of lead is in the manufacture of electrical storage batteries.
Other uses include the production of ammunition, various chemicals, and sinkers for
fishing and etc.
Lead exposure
The major exposure to lead for most adults comes from the work place (inhalation).
Surface dust and soil contamination with lead are the major sources of lead exposure
for infants and young children (ingestion). (Children: drinking water [primarily from
leaded solder, brass fittings and fixtures, and service lines] can contribute to lead
poisoning)
Lead paint
The amount of lead-based paint in housing is significant - approximately 64 million (pre-
1978) private U.S. residences contain at least some lead-based paint.
Children ingest lead-based paint by normal hand-to-mouth activity. Young children
absorb a significantly higher percentage of ingested lead than adults. Lead absorption is
increased by malnutrition and poor diet.
Lead in surface dust and soil can come from?
Weathering and chipping of lead-based paint, scraping and sanding of lead-based paint
in preparation for refinishing, renovations that break surfaces painted with lead-based
paint, abrasion and/or impact on doors and windows, atmospheric fallout from the
combustion of leaded gasoline that was deposited prior to the phase-down in use,
factory emissions, dust and dirt that is carried into the home on shoes and clothing
(especially from factories or construction sites or by pets)
Lead in water
Lead-contaminated drinking water also contributes to the overall level of exposure -
from as little as 5 percent to more than 50 percent of a child's total lead exposure.
(NAETI Exam: 20% contribution)
Lead in food
Contamination from containers with lead solder, lead glaze, or other materials with lead,
by airborne lead from industrial or automobile emissions deposited on to crops or water,
by uptake into food crops from lead in soil or pesticides applications, and doing
transportation or processing.
A phase-out of lead solder in cans began in the late 1970s.
Food containers: lead oxide is sometimes used to manufacture glazes for protecting
ceramics and etc.
Lead in other sources
Vinyl miniblinds are another potential source of lead in a residence.
CDC, CPSC, and the public health have identified the following: crayons (imported from
, Chile), painted metal playground equipment, pool cue chalk, calcium supplements
(made from bone or oyster shell), some hair dyes (lead acetate)
CPSC
Consumer Product Safety Commission
Health effects of lead exposure
The three systems where the effects are most dangerous are: the central and peripheral
nervous system. the cardiovascular system (including the blood forming system), and
the kidneys.
Exposure to high concentrations of lead can cause: retardation, convulsions, coma, and
death (sometimes)
Acute vs Chronic exposure
acute - exposure for short time at high levels
chronic - exposure to low or moderate levels over a long period of time
INSPECTION IS A CRITICAL FIRST STEP IN SOLVING THE LEAD PROBLEM IN
HOMES THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES. THE PRIMARY SKILL FOR LEAD
INSPECTOR TO DEVELOP IS?
Documentation of information
Lead base paint is found more often in pre world war 2 housing units than those
built since 1940,although all housing constructed prior to ? Is at risk
1978
Aldo lead based paint is found as often and homes of well to do as the poor,
studies prove that the lower income families are proportionately affected. This
apparent discrepancy maybe due to the lower income families having
Where's physical conditions, higher level of lettuce, improper nutritional dietary habits
Mg / cm2
Micrograms per square centimeter
According to Section number 302 of the (LBPPPA), public housing authorities
and Indian housing authorities must
Expect all the wetlands and common areas in pre 1978 family developments. complete
all such inspection by December 6 1996 abate lead - based paint hazards equal to or
greater than 2 milligrams per square centimeter
Many experts agree that a complete lead inspection project should include
detailed reports regarding the dwellings
Interior and exterior surfaces
The history of lead use traces back to many centuries. The oldest known let
object was a statue excavated in Turkey Day dinner around?
1000 B.C
During the Roman Empire, lead production was estimated at? tons per year
100
Some historians hypothesize that the fall of the Roman Empire is attributed to, in
part, to
Increase mental disturbances
Although there is no exact date of which lead based paint was no longer use. due
to excess supplies. Many researchers agree that by the early 19? LBP use was
discontinued
