CCI RCS Registry Prep| 385 QUESTIONS| WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What valve separates the areas of greatest pressure differences?
Mitral valve
What valve separates the areas of the lowest pressure differences?
Tricuspid valve
Where does the LAD lie on the heart?
Anterior interventricular groove (sulcus)
What aortic cusp is superior in PLAX view?
RCC
What aortic cusp is posterior in PLAX view?
NCC
From the left parasternal window which of the following are you most likely to get
accurate velocity measurments?
Pulmonary artery
What view gives the most accurate velocities of the PV/pulmonary artery?
PSAX; short axis
What is the red flow traveling to the RA that you can sometimes see from the
inflow view?
IVC
What are the tricuspid leaflets seen in the inflow view?
anterior and posterior
Where is the LAA located on TTE?
Sometimes can be seen in AV level short axis, but is better visualized in an apical 2
chamber view
The coronary arteries come off the:
Sinuses of Valsalva
What is the most anomalous artery?
Right coronary
During which phase do the coronaries fill?
early diastole
True/False --- The coronary arteries can fill during systole
False
When is TAPSE measured?
Between end diastole and peak systole
This is the transition between the sinuses of Valsalva and the tubular portion of
the ascending aorta
STJ (sinotubular junction)
What can sometimes be seen below the RPA in a SSN view?
Left atrium
The best images of the ascending aorta are often obtained from which transducer
window?
suprasternal
,Name the vessels coming off the arch and most proximal or distal.
Innominate (proximal), left carotid and left subclavian (distal)
What cardiac pathology is associated with bicuspid aortic valves?
Coarctation of the aorta
Which window do you use to look for the secondary finding in bicuspid valves?
Suprasternal arch; suprasternal notch
Where do most aortic coarctations occur?
aortic isthmus
How can we specifically identify the location of an aortic isthmus?
After the take-off of the left subclavian artery
Where are the pulmonary veins located? Where are they best visualized?
Feed into the LA and are best visualized in 4 chamber
What pulmonary veins are viewed in apical 4 chamber?
Lower pulmonary veins
What pulmonary veins are viewed in apical 5 chamber?
Upper pulmonary veins
From the apical 4 chamber view how do you rotate the transducer to obtain the
apical LAX?
clockwise 120 degrees
Where is the coronary sinus located?
posterior AV groove
Which view do you use to evaluate the coronary sinus?
PLAX
To visualize the coronary sinus in the apical 4 chamber view you should tilt the
transducer:
posterior
Which valve sits at the opening of the coronary sinus?
Thebesian
What valve sits at the opening of the IVC?
Eustachian
Where is the Chiari network located?
Right atrium
What portion of the pulmonary venous PW Doppler represents atrial systole?
A wave
At what temperature is it unsafe to use a TEE probe?
40-45 degrees celcius (Above 41 degrees celcius)
Which electrical pathway has the fastest intrinsic rate?
SA node
What is the absolute refractory state?
period when a muscle cell is not excitable; occurs from phase 1 into phase 3
What is a normal duration for the QRS complex?
0.10 sec or 100 msec
This is known as the rubber band theory
Frank Starling Law
What occurs during preload?
Filling
, What is occuring during afterload?
Resistance to eject blood out
Echo findings for preload:
dilatation
Echo findings for afterload:
hypertrophy
Which study does not allow for the calculation of ejection fraction?
Chest x-ray
How do you eliminate aliasing on PW spectral doppler?
Switch to continuous wave doppler
NOTE: Increasing PRF will and switching to a lower frequency transducer will reduce,
but not fully eliminate
What does VTI x CSA equal?
Doppler stroke volume
What are the phases of the valsalva maneuver?
Strain and release
What occurs during the strain phase of valsalva maneuver?
Decreases venous return, SV and CO
What occurs during the release phase of valsalva maneuver?
Increases venous return, CO and BP
Taking in a breath ___________________ thoracic pressure
decreases
Does venous return increase or decrease with inspiration?
decrease
Mitral valve velocity during inspiration:
decreases
Tricuspid valve velocity during inspiration:
increases
What occurs after the R wave on ECG?
IVCT
What occurs after the T wave on ECG?
IVRT
On the wiggers diagram, when is the mitral valve open?
4-1
What is the duration of the IVCT and IVRT?
70 msec
The duration of the IVRT will be increased with:
Bradycardia
During the cardiac cycle this event never happens:
A) Ao valve is open & mitral valve is open
What is the correct order for the cardiac cycle?
Mechanical diastole, electrical diastole, electrical systole, mechanical systole
When is the LA volume the highest?
Systole
When is the LV volume the highest?
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What valve separates the areas of greatest pressure differences?
Mitral valve
What valve separates the areas of the lowest pressure differences?
Tricuspid valve
Where does the LAD lie on the heart?
Anterior interventricular groove (sulcus)
What aortic cusp is superior in PLAX view?
RCC
What aortic cusp is posterior in PLAX view?
NCC
From the left parasternal window which of the following are you most likely to get
accurate velocity measurments?
Pulmonary artery
What view gives the most accurate velocities of the PV/pulmonary artery?
PSAX; short axis
What is the red flow traveling to the RA that you can sometimes see from the
inflow view?
IVC
What are the tricuspid leaflets seen in the inflow view?
anterior and posterior
Where is the LAA located on TTE?
Sometimes can be seen in AV level short axis, but is better visualized in an apical 2
chamber view
The coronary arteries come off the:
Sinuses of Valsalva
What is the most anomalous artery?
Right coronary
During which phase do the coronaries fill?
early diastole
True/False --- The coronary arteries can fill during systole
False
When is TAPSE measured?
Between end diastole and peak systole
This is the transition between the sinuses of Valsalva and the tubular portion of
the ascending aorta
STJ (sinotubular junction)
What can sometimes be seen below the RPA in a SSN view?
Left atrium
The best images of the ascending aorta are often obtained from which transducer
window?
suprasternal
,Name the vessels coming off the arch and most proximal or distal.
Innominate (proximal), left carotid and left subclavian (distal)
What cardiac pathology is associated with bicuspid aortic valves?
Coarctation of the aorta
Which window do you use to look for the secondary finding in bicuspid valves?
Suprasternal arch; suprasternal notch
Where do most aortic coarctations occur?
aortic isthmus
How can we specifically identify the location of an aortic isthmus?
After the take-off of the left subclavian artery
Where are the pulmonary veins located? Where are they best visualized?
Feed into the LA and are best visualized in 4 chamber
What pulmonary veins are viewed in apical 4 chamber?
Lower pulmonary veins
What pulmonary veins are viewed in apical 5 chamber?
Upper pulmonary veins
From the apical 4 chamber view how do you rotate the transducer to obtain the
apical LAX?
clockwise 120 degrees
Where is the coronary sinus located?
posterior AV groove
Which view do you use to evaluate the coronary sinus?
PLAX
To visualize the coronary sinus in the apical 4 chamber view you should tilt the
transducer:
posterior
Which valve sits at the opening of the coronary sinus?
Thebesian
What valve sits at the opening of the IVC?
Eustachian
Where is the Chiari network located?
Right atrium
What portion of the pulmonary venous PW Doppler represents atrial systole?
A wave
At what temperature is it unsafe to use a TEE probe?
40-45 degrees celcius (Above 41 degrees celcius)
Which electrical pathway has the fastest intrinsic rate?
SA node
What is the absolute refractory state?
period when a muscle cell is not excitable; occurs from phase 1 into phase 3
What is a normal duration for the QRS complex?
0.10 sec or 100 msec
This is known as the rubber band theory
Frank Starling Law
What occurs during preload?
Filling
, What is occuring during afterload?
Resistance to eject blood out
Echo findings for preload:
dilatation
Echo findings for afterload:
hypertrophy
Which study does not allow for the calculation of ejection fraction?
Chest x-ray
How do you eliminate aliasing on PW spectral doppler?
Switch to continuous wave doppler
NOTE: Increasing PRF will and switching to a lower frequency transducer will reduce,
but not fully eliminate
What does VTI x CSA equal?
Doppler stroke volume
What are the phases of the valsalva maneuver?
Strain and release
What occurs during the strain phase of valsalva maneuver?
Decreases venous return, SV and CO
What occurs during the release phase of valsalva maneuver?
Increases venous return, CO and BP
Taking in a breath ___________________ thoracic pressure
decreases
Does venous return increase or decrease with inspiration?
decrease
Mitral valve velocity during inspiration:
decreases
Tricuspid valve velocity during inspiration:
increases
What occurs after the R wave on ECG?
IVCT
What occurs after the T wave on ECG?
IVRT
On the wiggers diagram, when is the mitral valve open?
4-1
What is the duration of the IVCT and IVRT?
70 msec
The duration of the IVRT will be increased with:
Bradycardia
During the cardiac cycle this event never happens:
A) Ao valve is open & mitral valve is open
What is the correct order for the cardiac cycle?
Mechanical diastole, electrical diastole, electrical systole, mechanical systole
When is the LA volume the highest?
Systole
When is the LV volume the highest?
