**French Revolution (1789-1799)**
1. **Causes of the Revolution:**
- **Social Inequality:** The French society was divided into three
estates, with the clergy and nobility enjoying privileges while the
common people suffered.
- **Financial Crisis:** France faced economic problems due to wars,
extravagant spending, and a regressive tax system.
- **Enlightenment Ideas:** Philosophers’ ideas about liberty,
equality, and democracy inspired people to question the absolute
monarchy.
2. **Phases of the Revolution:**
- **National Assembly (1789-1791):** Formation of the National
Assembly by the Third Estate; Tennis Court Oath; Storming of the
Bastille; Adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen.
- **Reign of Terror (1793-1794):** Rise of the radical Jacobins;
Execution of King Louis XVI; Committee of Public Safety; Maximilien
Robespierre; Mass executions and political repression.
- **Thermidorian Reaction (1794-1799):** Overthrow of Robespierre;
End of the Reign of Terror; Adoption of the new Constitution; Rise of
the Directory.
1. **Causes of the Revolution:**
- **Social Inequality:** The French society was divided into three
estates, with the clergy and nobility enjoying privileges while the
common people suffered.
- **Financial Crisis:** France faced economic problems due to wars,
extravagant spending, and a regressive tax system.
- **Enlightenment Ideas:** Philosophers’ ideas about liberty,
equality, and democracy inspired people to question the absolute
monarchy.
2. **Phases of the Revolution:**
- **National Assembly (1789-1791):** Formation of the National
Assembly by the Third Estate; Tennis Court Oath; Storming of the
Bastille; Adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen.
- **Reign of Terror (1793-1794):** Rise of the radical Jacobins;
Execution of King Louis XVI; Committee of Public Safety; Maximilien
Robespierre; Mass executions and political repression.
- **Thermidorian Reaction (1794-1799):** Overthrow of Robespierre;
End of the Reign of Terror; Adoption of the new Constitution; Rise of
the Directory.
