GTC Microbiology Final Review Test Bank 2023-2024
Solved Correctly
What is septicemia?
a systematic disease caused by presence of pathogenic microorganisms or toxins in the
blood
How does it differ from bacteremia?
bacteremia is bacteria in the blood. Septicemia is the presence of microoganisms in the
blood.
What is the cause of endotoxic shock?
the LPS layer of gram negative bacteria contains endotoxins that are released when
large amounts of gram negative bacteria are killed- thus leading to endotoxic shock.
What is the cause of puerperal fever?
Strep. pyogenes
Explain how rheumatic fever develops?
rheumatic fever is caused by a Strep. pyogenes infection. It's a sequelae - or aftermath
of the disease.
What type of hypersensitivity is that?
type 3- immunocomplex
Name two types of bacteria that cause acute bacterial endocarditis:
Staph aureus, Strep pneumonia, viridians streptococcus
What causes cat scratch fever?
Bartonella
Name the signs of cat scratch fever:
lymph node enlargement in children
What does it mean that the disease often is "subclinical"?
it means that there are no apparent symptoms or signs
Name the causative agent in plague:
Yersinia
What is a buboe?
lymph node enlargement
What type of plague has the highest mortality?
pneumonic- 100% mortality within 3 days
How does transmission of plague occur?
bubonic: through flea bites that were infected by rodents. pneumonic: through human to
human contact
Can the plague be treated?
yes- streptomycin and tetracycline
Name the bacteria that cause lyme disease:
Borrelia
How is it transmitted?
tick bites
Is a bull's eye rash always seen?
in 80% of the cases
What is the bull's eye rash?
,Erythema Migrans-it is not always a bullseye and is not always the site of the tick bite
Can lyme disease be treated?
yes- penicillins, tetracyclines or cephalosporins are effective in the first phase. Later
phases are difficult to treat.
What are some late manifestations of lyme disease?
lyme disease can cause arthritis (stage 3) and nervous/cardiovascular system problems
(stage 2)
How is Rocky Mountain spotted fever transmitted?
through tick bites
Which bacterium causes RMSF?
Rickettsia
What type of rash is seen in RMSF?
petechiae
What are other symptoms?
headache, vomiting, fever, muscle pain, nausea, abdominal pain
How serious is RMSF?
it is very serious. It can be fatal if not treated- it can cause multi-system organ failure.
What is the cause of "mono"?
Epstein Barr virus
Which cells are involved in mono?
B lymphocyte
Characterize the virus that causes this disease:
dsDNA/enveloped
Why is this called a "persistent" infection?
it's called persistent because it invades many organs such as the liver, heart and
kidneys
How is it transmitted?
through saliva
What is the cause of Burkitt's lymphoma?
Epstein Barr virus
What are the signs?
night sweats, high fever, weight loss, pain, malaise, diarrhea, and enlarged lymph
nodes.
Who is most at risk for CMV infections?
immunocompromised people
What does CMV stand for?
Cytomegaly virus
What does it mean that this disease is often "subclinical"?
it means that there are no signs or symptoms in most people
Name a viral hemorrhagic fever:
Dengue fever, yellow fever or Ebola fever
Name the agent that causes malaria:
Plasmodium vivax
How is it transmitted?
through a mosquito bite-->liver-->red blood cell
What types of symptoms and signs are seen?
,intervals of high fever, anemia, fatigue, jaundice
Is there treatment? What is it?
yes- the antiprotozoan drug chloroquine
What is the concern in infections with Toxoplasma?
it is teratogenic and can cause birth defects in unborn babies if a pregnant woman
contracts it.
Where do these infections come from?
from cat feces-->soil-->plants-->animals-->humans (eating meat not fully cooked)
Name all of the teratogenic agents signified by the acronym TORCH:
Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegaly, Herpes
Name a helminth that causes granulomas to form in mulit-organ systems:
Schistosoma
How do "trench mouth" and "thrush mouth" differ?
"Trench mouth" = acute necrotizing gingivitis- the overgrowth of certain bacteria with
bleeding gums, ulceration, fever and pain. It is caused by Strep. mutans. "Thrush
mouth" is caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans- a yeast. It causes creamy
white lesions, usually on your tongue or inner cheeks.
Name the common cause of dental caries:
Strep. mutans
Name the cause of "cold sores":
HSV1
Is that eveloped or non enveloped virus?
enveloped
Name the disease that has parotid swelling as a sign:
Mumps
Is this caused by a RNA or DNA virus?
ssRNA - Paramyxoviridae
Why is there a vaccine against this illness? What is the concern?
it can involve the gonads and lead to sterility
How is this transmitted?
saliva
Name the bacterial cause of the stomach ulcer:
Helicobacter pylori
Which enzyme does this bacterium make?
urease
How is it treated?
with antibiotic therapy
Name the genus that causes cholera:
Vibrio cholera
How is it transmitted?
fecal-oral
What are the signs?
massive diarrhea (up to 20 L a day!), rice water stool
What does the cholera toxin cause?
it causes ion secretion between the villi - the water will follow the ions thus causing
dehydration
, How is it treated?
rehydration and tetracycline-
Why or why not antibiotics effective?
because the disease is due to the toxin.
Name the genus that causes dysentery:
Shigella
What does it mean that this disease has a low ID50?
it only takes a few organisms to cause disease
How is it transmitted?
fecal oral
What are the signs and symptoms?
fever, diarrhea, blood, abdominal cramps
Gram positive or Gram negative?
gram negative
Where in the body can Salmonella bacteria persist?
it can multiply in the epithelium of intestinal wall
Is salmonellosis treated with antibiotics?
no- only symptomatic
Why or why not?
antibiotics may prolong the period during which the person can infect others
What is the causative agent in "Dehli belly"?
E. coli
What type of E. coli is especially dangerous?
enterohemorrhagic O157:H7
What is the cause of typhoid fever?
Salmonella typhi
Human carriers carry this bacteria in which organ?
in the gall bladder
What is the ID50 of this disease?
low- it only takes a few to cause sickness
Name three common causes of food poisonings though toxins:
Staph. aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum
Which would you most likely suspect in mayonnaise?
Staphylococcus aureus
Name a bacterium that is leading cause of food poisoning from chicken:
Clostridium perfringens
Name the type of hepatitis that is transmitted through fecal oral route:
Hep. A, Hep. E.
Name the type of hepatitis that can be present in oysters or clams:
Hep. A
Name the type of hepatitis that are transmitted through the blood:
Hep. B, C
Name the type of hepatitis that can lead to liver cancer:
Hep. B, C
Name the type of hepatitis that can be prevented through vaccine:
Hep. A, B
Solved Correctly
What is septicemia?
a systematic disease caused by presence of pathogenic microorganisms or toxins in the
blood
How does it differ from bacteremia?
bacteremia is bacteria in the blood. Septicemia is the presence of microoganisms in the
blood.
What is the cause of endotoxic shock?
the LPS layer of gram negative bacteria contains endotoxins that are released when
large amounts of gram negative bacteria are killed- thus leading to endotoxic shock.
What is the cause of puerperal fever?
Strep. pyogenes
Explain how rheumatic fever develops?
rheumatic fever is caused by a Strep. pyogenes infection. It's a sequelae - or aftermath
of the disease.
What type of hypersensitivity is that?
type 3- immunocomplex
Name two types of bacteria that cause acute bacterial endocarditis:
Staph aureus, Strep pneumonia, viridians streptococcus
What causes cat scratch fever?
Bartonella
Name the signs of cat scratch fever:
lymph node enlargement in children
What does it mean that the disease often is "subclinical"?
it means that there are no apparent symptoms or signs
Name the causative agent in plague:
Yersinia
What is a buboe?
lymph node enlargement
What type of plague has the highest mortality?
pneumonic- 100% mortality within 3 days
How does transmission of plague occur?
bubonic: through flea bites that were infected by rodents. pneumonic: through human to
human contact
Can the plague be treated?
yes- streptomycin and tetracycline
Name the bacteria that cause lyme disease:
Borrelia
How is it transmitted?
tick bites
Is a bull's eye rash always seen?
in 80% of the cases
What is the bull's eye rash?
,Erythema Migrans-it is not always a bullseye and is not always the site of the tick bite
Can lyme disease be treated?
yes- penicillins, tetracyclines or cephalosporins are effective in the first phase. Later
phases are difficult to treat.
What are some late manifestations of lyme disease?
lyme disease can cause arthritis (stage 3) and nervous/cardiovascular system problems
(stage 2)
How is Rocky Mountain spotted fever transmitted?
through tick bites
Which bacterium causes RMSF?
Rickettsia
What type of rash is seen in RMSF?
petechiae
What are other symptoms?
headache, vomiting, fever, muscle pain, nausea, abdominal pain
How serious is RMSF?
it is very serious. It can be fatal if not treated- it can cause multi-system organ failure.
What is the cause of "mono"?
Epstein Barr virus
Which cells are involved in mono?
B lymphocyte
Characterize the virus that causes this disease:
dsDNA/enveloped
Why is this called a "persistent" infection?
it's called persistent because it invades many organs such as the liver, heart and
kidneys
How is it transmitted?
through saliva
What is the cause of Burkitt's lymphoma?
Epstein Barr virus
What are the signs?
night sweats, high fever, weight loss, pain, malaise, diarrhea, and enlarged lymph
nodes.
Who is most at risk for CMV infections?
immunocompromised people
What does CMV stand for?
Cytomegaly virus
What does it mean that this disease is often "subclinical"?
it means that there are no signs or symptoms in most people
Name a viral hemorrhagic fever:
Dengue fever, yellow fever or Ebola fever
Name the agent that causes malaria:
Plasmodium vivax
How is it transmitted?
through a mosquito bite-->liver-->red blood cell
What types of symptoms and signs are seen?
,intervals of high fever, anemia, fatigue, jaundice
Is there treatment? What is it?
yes- the antiprotozoan drug chloroquine
What is the concern in infections with Toxoplasma?
it is teratogenic and can cause birth defects in unborn babies if a pregnant woman
contracts it.
Where do these infections come from?
from cat feces-->soil-->plants-->animals-->humans (eating meat not fully cooked)
Name all of the teratogenic agents signified by the acronym TORCH:
Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegaly, Herpes
Name a helminth that causes granulomas to form in mulit-organ systems:
Schistosoma
How do "trench mouth" and "thrush mouth" differ?
"Trench mouth" = acute necrotizing gingivitis- the overgrowth of certain bacteria with
bleeding gums, ulceration, fever and pain. It is caused by Strep. mutans. "Thrush
mouth" is caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans- a yeast. It causes creamy
white lesions, usually on your tongue or inner cheeks.
Name the common cause of dental caries:
Strep. mutans
Name the cause of "cold sores":
HSV1
Is that eveloped or non enveloped virus?
enveloped
Name the disease that has parotid swelling as a sign:
Mumps
Is this caused by a RNA or DNA virus?
ssRNA - Paramyxoviridae
Why is there a vaccine against this illness? What is the concern?
it can involve the gonads and lead to sterility
How is this transmitted?
saliva
Name the bacterial cause of the stomach ulcer:
Helicobacter pylori
Which enzyme does this bacterium make?
urease
How is it treated?
with antibiotic therapy
Name the genus that causes cholera:
Vibrio cholera
How is it transmitted?
fecal-oral
What are the signs?
massive diarrhea (up to 20 L a day!), rice water stool
What does the cholera toxin cause?
it causes ion secretion between the villi - the water will follow the ions thus causing
dehydration
, How is it treated?
rehydration and tetracycline-
Why or why not antibiotics effective?
because the disease is due to the toxin.
Name the genus that causes dysentery:
Shigella
What does it mean that this disease has a low ID50?
it only takes a few organisms to cause disease
How is it transmitted?
fecal oral
What are the signs and symptoms?
fever, diarrhea, blood, abdominal cramps
Gram positive or Gram negative?
gram negative
Where in the body can Salmonella bacteria persist?
it can multiply in the epithelium of intestinal wall
Is salmonellosis treated with antibiotics?
no- only symptomatic
Why or why not?
antibiotics may prolong the period during which the person can infect others
What is the causative agent in "Dehli belly"?
E. coli
What type of E. coli is especially dangerous?
enterohemorrhagic O157:H7
What is the cause of typhoid fever?
Salmonella typhi
Human carriers carry this bacteria in which organ?
in the gall bladder
What is the ID50 of this disease?
low- it only takes a few to cause sickness
Name three common causes of food poisonings though toxins:
Staph. aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum
Which would you most likely suspect in mayonnaise?
Staphylococcus aureus
Name a bacterium that is leading cause of food poisoning from chicken:
Clostridium perfringens
Name the type of hepatitis that is transmitted through fecal oral route:
Hep. A, Hep. E.
Name the type of hepatitis that can be present in oysters or clams:
Hep. A
Name the type of hepatitis that are transmitted through the blood:
Hep. B, C
Name the type of hepatitis that can lead to liver cancer:
Hep. B, C
Name the type of hepatitis that can be prevented through vaccine:
Hep. A, B
