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Techniques in Microbiology and
Industrial Microbiology
Industrial Microbiology
What is industrial microbiology?
Using microorganisms grown on a large scale to create commercially valuable
products or to carry out important chemical transformations (biocatalysis)
Biocatalysis→ use of biological or microbes to do enzymatic reactions to
breakdown molecules
What are the qualities of useful microbes? (4)
1. able to produce product at high yield
2. rapid growth with inexpensive media→ lower cost of product
3. can be genetically manipulated → removal of unwanted side effects
4. non-pathogenic
What are the benefits of microorganisms (3)
1. The cells themselves can be used ex. yeast as supplements
2. They can be used to do biotransformation (catalyze or enhance reactions)
Techniques in Microbiology and Industrial Microbiology 1
, 3. They can form valuable products (enzymes, antibiotics, food additives,
alcohol, chemicals)
Define primary and secondary metabolites,
which one is more favored
Primary metabolites→ produced in active cell growth metabolism ex.
fermentation
Secondary metabolites→ produced from primary metabolites near the onset
of stationary phase e.g. antibiotics, terpenoids, flavonoids
Secondary are more commercially favorable,
with primary, as the cells are reaching the stationary phase they become
less metabolically active, production also become stationary
with secondary as the cells are nearing the stationary phase (at most
population) or are decreasing, the secondary metabolites begin to be
produced, is not dependent on keeping the cell at constant log phase and
is not dependent on the number of metabolically active cells
Explain microbial fermentation
Fermentation→ any large scale microbial process (even without actual
fermentation) and use fermenters or bioreactors
Fermentation scale up→ gradually converting useful industrial fermentation
process from laboratory scale to production scale
What are the concerns of large-scale industrial fermentation? (2)
1. If the process is aerobic, requires stirring and aeration→ incorporation
of air by stirring
2. Require real-time continuous monitoring of the pH, O2, Temperature,
foaming and waste levels to make sure yield is satisfactory
What are the types of products which can be made from fermentation (3)?
give example
1. Microbial biomass→ probiotics
2. Microbial products→ enzymes, metabolites
3. Microbial transformation→ steroid biotransformaton
What are the different types of fermentation methods
Techniques in Microbiology and Industrial Microbiology 2
Techniques in Microbiology and
Industrial Microbiology
Industrial Microbiology
What is industrial microbiology?
Using microorganisms grown on a large scale to create commercially valuable
products or to carry out important chemical transformations (biocatalysis)
Biocatalysis→ use of biological or microbes to do enzymatic reactions to
breakdown molecules
What are the qualities of useful microbes? (4)
1. able to produce product at high yield
2. rapid growth with inexpensive media→ lower cost of product
3. can be genetically manipulated → removal of unwanted side effects
4. non-pathogenic
What are the benefits of microorganisms (3)
1. The cells themselves can be used ex. yeast as supplements
2. They can be used to do biotransformation (catalyze or enhance reactions)
Techniques in Microbiology and Industrial Microbiology 1
, 3. They can form valuable products (enzymes, antibiotics, food additives,
alcohol, chemicals)
Define primary and secondary metabolites,
which one is more favored
Primary metabolites→ produced in active cell growth metabolism ex.
fermentation
Secondary metabolites→ produced from primary metabolites near the onset
of stationary phase e.g. antibiotics, terpenoids, flavonoids
Secondary are more commercially favorable,
with primary, as the cells are reaching the stationary phase they become
less metabolically active, production also become stationary
with secondary as the cells are nearing the stationary phase (at most
population) or are decreasing, the secondary metabolites begin to be
produced, is not dependent on keeping the cell at constant log phase and
is not dependent on the number of metabolically active cells
Explain microbial fermentation
Fermentation→ any large scale microbial process (even without actual
fermentation) and use fermenters or bioreactors
Fermentation scale up→ gradually converting useful industrial fermentation
process from laboratory scale to production scale
What are the concerns of large-scale industrial fermentation? (2)
1. If the process is aerobic, requires stirring and aeration→ incorporation
of air by stirring
2. Require real-time continuous monitoring of the pH, O2, Temperature,
foaming and waste levels to make sure yield is satisfactory
What are the types of products which can be made from fermentation (3)?
give example
1. Microbial biomass→ probiotics
2. Microbial products→ enzymes, metabolites
3. Microbial transformation→ steroid biotransformaton
What are the different types of fermentation methods
Techniques in Microbiology and Industrial Microbiology 2
