EES Exam 1 Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. VERIFIED.

EES Exam 1 Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. VERIFIED. The Earth's system that includes the oceans, rivers, lakes, and glaciers of the world is called the - -hydrosphere Earth's external heat engine is driven by __. - -solar power scientific concept that has been tested and is in all likelihood true - -theory Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, floods, and tsunamis are all examples of - -geologic hazards the two major types of crust are oceanic crust and - -continental crust collectively make up the lithosphere - -the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle Plate tectonics is a unifying idea that helps explain where and why there are - -earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain belts, oceanic ridges and trenches the product of the breakdown of the surface rocks by weathering and erosion is - -sediment understanding geology can help us lessen or prevent damage to the environment - -true In order for a particular type of material to be classified as a mineral, it must ____. - -solid, occur naturally, crystalline structure, definite chemical composition Most abundant mineral group - -silicates Geologists use a scratch-test scale to determine the hardness of a mineral. What is the scale of hardness called? - -Mohs Scale When seawater evaporates, its sodium and chlorine are electronically attracted to one another and crystallize into ___. - -halite what is the hardest mineral? - -diamond what is cleavage - -the breaking of a mineral along planes of weakness Some minerals have the same chemical composition but different crystal structures, a phenomenon termed - -polymorphism What is one factor that determines how explosive a volcanic eruption will be - -viscosity A mix of gas and dust emitted by a volcano that is so dense that it hugs the ground - -pyroclastic flow The islands of the Hawaiian chain are an excellent example of a series of - -shield volcanoes What are the three factors that influence viscosity of a lava? - -silica content, temperature, dissolved gases The most abundant silicic volcanic rock is - -rhyolite A volcanic depression much larger than the original crater, formed when the volcano collapses into a vacated magma chamber. - -caldera A frothy volcanic glass with so much void space that it can actually float - -Pumice What is the term for volcanic mountains made up of alternating layers of pyroclastic and lava flows? - -composite volcanoes used for molten rock on the Earth's surface - -lava Individual layers of basalt lava may be divided into vertical columns called - -columnar basalt When molten material is erupted onto the earth's surface and flows, it is called - -lava Which mineral would you not expect to find in a granite - -olivine The most abundant intrusive igneous rock found at the earth's surface is - -granite Fragments of country rock that are distinct from the body of igneous rocks in which they are enclosed - -xenoliths The lava of submarine volcanic eruptions has a characteristic appearance. What feature marks them? - -they form pillow basalts The geothermal gradient, on average, is about - -30°C/km When igneous rock is extruded into a cold environment, it cools so fast that no crystals form; instead, a natural gas forms. What is the natural gas called? - -olivine What is the term use for an intrusive igneous rock body that is planar but discordant? - -dike What is the relationship between a granite and a gabbro? - -they both are course-grained intrusive