ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate, Questions and answers. Rated A+

ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate, Questions and answers. Rated A+ 3 major phases of cell division: - Interphase Mitotic phase Cytokinesis 3 steps of interphase: - First growth phase (G1) Synthesis phase (S phase) Second growth phase (G2) 4 phases of mitosis: - Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Innate immunity: - Non-specific response, either: 1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut) 2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages) Adaptive immunity: - Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including: 1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins) 2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells) 3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses) Define mutations - Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene 3 main goals of treatment: - Cure Control Palliation Define neoadjuvant therapy - Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor Define adjuvant therapy - Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur Define conditioning/preparative therapy - Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation 2 types of conditioning therapies: - Myeloablative Nonmyeloablative Define dose density - Drug dose per unit of time Define dose intensity - Amount of drug delivered over time How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard regimen How do alkylating agents work? - By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death 3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - 1. Nitrogen mustards 2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as they work similarly) 3. Nitrosoureas Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - Nitrogen mustards Common alkylating agents: - Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) Ifosfamide (Ifex) Bendamustine (Treanda) Common platinum-based agents: - Cisplatin (Platinol) Carboplatin (Paraplatin) What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? - Able to cross the blood-brain barrier; can be effective in treating some brain tumors Common nitrosoureas agents: - Carmustine (BiCNU) Lomustine (CeeNu) Streptozocin (Zanosar) Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: - Carboplatin These agents are typically categorized as h