WGU D023 School Financial Leadership Exam Guide 2023
Solved 100%
7 Developmental stages of school finance
1. local responsibility.
2. early grants and allocations (elwood Cubberly)
3. Emergency of the Foundation program (minimum program) (Strayer-Haig)
4. Refinement of the foundation program (Paul Mort)--flat grants
5. Power equalization-basic program
6. Shift of emphasis and influence, special needs funding
7. Focus on adequacy 1989
Progression of school finance
~early days--funded totally from local community
~church was school M-F
~local schools built using local tax $
~Delaware-1st state to use state revenue to build school
~60's & 70's fed laws provide oversite. Title funding
~80's US Dept of Ed became cabinet
~2012 Fed funding still a minority value
Sources of Funding
Federal- Title I, II, III via ESEA
State- formula funding for equitable pupil spending
Local-bond levy funding for buildings
ESEA (1965)
Elementary and Secondary Education Act Emphasizes equal access to education and
establishes high standards and accountability. The law authorizes federally funded
education programs that are administered by the states. In 2002, Congress amended
ESEA and reauthorized it as the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB).
Every Child Succeeds Act
2014 Obama gave flexibility through waivers for agreement on 4 principles
1. common core
2. state - developed differentiated recognition
3. accountability-recognize student gain
4. support
Title 1
Provided direct funding for schools with high populations of students from low-income
families in the form of additional personnel, materials, and professional development for
teachers.
~largest federal assistance program
4 formulas for title I (grants)
1. basic-largest part of funding. <10 and +2% of LEA population
2. concentration-smallest of grants. 15% of 5-17 population or +6500 students
3. targeted- goes to dist w/highest % of formula eligible children
, 4. EFIG(Ed finance incentive)-based on efforts to give support based on wealth and per
capita income & degree to which ed expenditures w/in state are equalized
Title I
Must have HQ teachers, alignment of standards, action for low-performing schools and
districts
must have student assessments, determine ayp, report cards
Title 1-student requirements
assess in grades 3-8 for reading/math & science in 3 levels
assessment results given before start of school year
every 2 years, participate in NAEP in 4th and 8th for reading and math
results to parents via reports cards for testing
sanctions for failing to meet AYP for 2 years in a row
Title II-Teacher and Principal training &recruiting fund
provide grants for increasing student achievement and holds schools accountable for
improvements in academic achievement
Title III -strengthening institutions
helps IHE become self sufficient and serve low income
funds used for planning, faculty development and endowment funds
Title IV - 21st century schools
safe and drug free schools and communities
Activity Funds
managed by principal
$ to support cocurricular & extra curricular student
Activity Funds
classified in two ways
1. student activity funds: (fiduciary) controlled by principal (clubs)
2. district funds-special revenue funds (athletics, book fair, concerts, and plays)
Activity Funds- Process
1. requisition from staff
2. receipts are stapled to requisition form for review
3. follow up to confirm materials received
4. receipt from vendor is checked by receiver
5. invoice is paid by school
Capital Funding
school buildings or structure or property
comes from:
1. bonds
Solved 100%
7 Developmental stages of school finance
1. local responsibility.
2. early grants and allocations (elwood Cubberly)
3. Emergency of the Foundation program (minimum program) (Strayer-Haig)
4. Refinement of the foundation program (Paul Mort)--flat grants
5. Power equalization-basic program
6. Shift of emphasis and influence, special needs funding
7. Focus on adequacy 1989
Progression of school finance
~early days--funded totally from local community
~church was school M-F
~local schools built using local tax $
~Delaware-1st state to use state revenue to build school
~60's & 70's fed laws provide oversite. Title funding
~80's US Dept of Ed became cabinet
~2012 Fed funding still a minority value
Sources of Funding
Federal- Title I, II, III via ESEA
State- formula funding for equitable pupil spending
Local-bond levy funding for buildings
ESEA (1965)
Elementary and Secondary Education Act Emphasizes equal access to education and
establishes high standards and accountability. The law authorizes federally funded
education programs that are administered by the states. In 2002, Congress amended
ESEA and reauthorized it as the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB).
Every Child Succeeds Act
2014 Obama gave flexibility through waivers for agreement on 4 principles
1. common core
2. state - developed differentiated recognition
3. accountability-recognize student gain
4. support
Title 1
Provided direct funding for schools with high populations of students from low-income
families in the form of additional personnel, materials, and professional development for
teachers.
~largest federal assistance program
4 formulas for title I (grants)
1. basic-largest part of funding. <10 and +2% of LEA population
2. concentration-smallest of grants. 15% of 5-17 population or +6500 students
3. targeted- goes to dist w/highest % of formula eligible children
, 4. EFIG(Ed finance incentive)-based on efforts to give support based on wealth and per
capita income & degree to which ed expenditures w/in state are equalized
Title I
Must have HQ teachers, alignment of standards, action for low-performing schools and
districts
must have student assessments, determine ayp, report cards
Title 1-student requirements
assess in grades 3-8 for reading/math & science in 3 levels
assessment results given before start of school year
every 2 years, participate in NAEP in 4th and 8th for reading and math
results to parents via reports cards for testing
sanctions for failing to meet AYP for 2 years in a row
Title II-Teacher and Principal training &recruiting fund
provide grants for increasing student achievement and holds schools accountable for
improvements in academic achievement
Title III -strengthening institutions
helps IHE become self sufficient and serve low income
funds used for planning, faculty development and endowment funds
Title IV - 21st century schools
safe and drug free schools and communities
Activity Funds
managed by principal
$ to support cocurricular & extra curricular student
Activity Funds
classified in two ways
1. student activity funds: (fiduciary) controlled by principal (clubs)
2. district funds-special revenue funds (athletics, book fair, concerts, and plays)
Activity Funds- Process
1. requisition from staff
2. receipts are stapled to requisition form for review
3. follow up to confirm materials received
4. receipt from vendor is checked by receiver
5. invoice is paid by school
Capital Funding
school buildings or structure or property
comes from:
1. bonds
