The Human Bod
An Orientation
In this chapter, you w
Anatomy and physiology provide a framework th
I
by asking
What are anatomy
ana physiology, and
how are they related?
What are the
re(!uirements for life?
,2 UNIT 1 Organization of the Body
bulgin
Form (anatomy) determines use it
function (physiology) pulses
Micro
Learning Outcomes seen with
II- Define anatomy and physiology and descri be t heir slices of
subdivisions. be exarni
II- Explai n t he p rinciple of com plementarity. anatomy
Two complementary branc hes o f science-an atomy a nd of the bo
physiology-provide the concepts that help us to understand the Deve
human body. Ana tomy studies the structure of body parts and occur thr
their relationships to one another. Anatomy has a certain appeal subdivisi
because it is co ncrete. Body structures can be seen, fel t, and changes
exaJnined closely. You don't need to imagine what they look like. Some
Physiology concerns the function of the body, in other primaril
words, ho\v the body parts work a nd carry out the ir life- example
sustaining activities. When all is said and done, physiology is caused b
explainable only in tenns of the underlying anatomy. struc ture
For simplicity, when we refer to body structures and physi- ning pro
ological values (body temperature, heart rate, and the like), we
will assume that we are talking about a healthy young reference Study
1na11 weighing about 155 lb [70 kilograms (kg)) or a healthy One esse
you ng refere11ce wo1na11 weighing about 125 lb (57 kg) . tomical
Although we use the reference values a nd common direc- tion, a nd
tional and regional tenns to refer to all human bodies, you know your han
from observing the faces and body shapes of people arou nd stethosc
you that we humans differ in our external anatomy. The same tools wo
kind of variability holds for internal organs as well. In one per- Let's
son, for exlllllple, a nerve or blood vessel may be somewhat out body. In
of place, or a small muscle may be missing. Nonetheless, well joint, no
over 90o/o of all structures present in any human body match the (111anipu
textbook descriptions. We seldom see extreme anatomical vari- to1nical
ations because they are incompatible with life. they are
have no
Topics of Anatomy the back
Anatomy is a broad field with many subdivisions, each providing special v
enough information to be a course in itself. Gross, or 1nacro- Altho
, -
4
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The sharp edges of incisors The flat surfaces of m
(structure) make them ideal for make them ideal for
cutting like scissors (function). mortar and pestle (fu
Figure 1.1 Complementarity of structure and function.
currents , blood pressure, and the way muscles use bones to cause bo
among other things. We present basic chemical and physical principles in
throughout the book as needed to explain physiological topics.
Complementarity of Structure and Function
An Orientation
In this chapter, you w
Anatomy and physiology provide a framework th
I
by asking
What are anatomy
ana physiology, and
how are they related?
What are the
re(!uirements for life?
,2 UNIT 1 Organization of the Body
bulgin
Form (anatomy) determines use it
function (physiology) pulses
Micro
Learning Outcomes seen with
II- Define anatomy and physiology and descri be t heir slices of
subdivisions. be exarni
II- Explai n t he p rinciple of com plementarity. anatomy
Two complementary branc hes o f science-an atomy a nd of the bo
physiology-provide the concepts that help us to understand the Deve
human body. Ana tomy studies the structure of body parts and occur thr
their relationships to one another. Anatomy has a certain appeal subdivisi
because it is co ncrete. Body structures can be seen, fel t, and changes
exaJnined closely. You don't need to imagine what they look like. Some
Physiology concerns the function of the body, in other primaril
words, ho\v the body parts work a nd carry out the ir life- example
sustaining activities. When all is said and done, physiology is caused b
explainable only in tenns of the underlying anatomy. struc ture
For simplicity, when we refer to body structures and physi- ning pro
ological values (body temperature, heart rate, and the like), we
will assume that we are talking about a healthy young reference Study
1na11 weighing about 155 lb [70 kilograms (kg)) or a healthy One esse
you ng refere11ce wo1na11 weighing about 125 lb (57 kg) . tomical
Although we use the reference values a nd common direc- tion, a nd
tional and regional tenns to refer to all human bodies, you know your han
from observing the faces and body shapes of people arou nd stethosc
you that we humans differ in our external anatomy. The same tools wo
kind of variability holds for internal organs as well. In one per- Let's
son, for exlllllple, a nerve or blood vessel may be somewhat out body. In
of place, or a small muscle may be missing. Nonetheless, well joint, no
over 90o/o of all structures present in any human body match the (111anipu
textbook descriptions. We seldom see extreme anatomical vari- to1nical
ations because they are incompatible with life. they are
have no
Topics of Anatomy the back
Anatomy is a broad field with many subdivisions, each providing special v
enough information to be a course in itself. Gross, or 1nacro- Altho
, -
4
I
I
I
I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I I
I I I
I I I
I I
I
I
The sharp edges of incisors The flat surfaces of m
(structure) make them ideal for make them ideal for
cutting like scissors (function). mortar and pestle (fu
Figure 1.1 Complementarity of structure and function.
currents , blood pressure, and the way muscles use bones to cause bo
among other things. We present basic chemical and physical principles in
throughout the book as needed to explain physiological topics.
Complementarity of Structure and Function
