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philosophy class notes and reviewer for midterms and finals

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Philosophy
REVIEWER
 Though an opinion may be widely accepted, that
Truth and Opinion does not make it a fact.
 A statement of opinion should be supported. A
RECOGNIZING THE TRUTH valid opinion is supported by facts or good logic. A
TRUTH faulty opinion is not.
C  Can be confirmed with other reliable
sources.
I  Independent of one’s interpretation,
preferences, and biases
B  Based on facts and reality.
OPINION
C  Cannot be confirmed
O  Open to interpretation
B  Based on emotions
I  Inherently biased.

Theory of Truth
Coherence  Ascertains that a thing is TYPES OF OPINONS
Theory true or false based on whether Statements  A Hypothesis is an assumption
the statement COHERES with of made to explain an observation.
the larger system or not. Hypothesis Though an Observation is a Fact, a
Consistency with the system Hypothesis is an Opinion.
being used. Statements  A theory is an opinion that is
Correspondence  What we believe is true if it Opinion widely believed explanation for a
Theory corresponds to the ways of Theory group of observation.
things. Sense perception or The Theory of Relativity
experience as its source of  The Theory of Evolution
knowledge. Though many scientist believe that
Pragmatic  Ascertains that a belief or these theories are true, it is still
Theory statement is true if it has a considered as opinion rather than
useful application in the world. facts because it is still not proven.
Based on the good or practical Statement of  An assumption statement is an
consequences of an idea. Assumption opinion that is an improvable.
Statement of  A value statement is any claim
FACTS Value that is based in someone’s belief
 A fact is a specific detail that can be proven as Statement of  An exaggerated statement is
true based on objective evidence. Exaggeration one that embellishes the facts,
 Are statements that can be proven. often to sway the reader.
 A statement of fact can be correct or incorrect.
You can check it by doing research.
 A fact is something that can be proven by a
reliable authority such as:
- History Books
- Proven Scientific Law
- Government Law
- Mathematics
- Measurements

OPINION
 Opinion is a feeling, judgment, belief, or
conclusion that cannot be proven true by objective
evidence.
 A statement of opinion cannot be proved true or
false. It is a belief or judgment. It often contains a
word of judgment, such as best, should, or
beautiful. It may begin with the words In my
opinion, or I believe.



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