Philosophy
REVIEWER
PHILOSOPHY • He proposed that everything that exists is
based on a higher order or plan which he
TOPIC OUTLINE called “Logos”
1 Doing Philosophy • Change is permanent aspect of the human
2 Truth and Opinion condition; “No man never steps in the
3 Methods of Philosophizing same river twice.”
4 Man as Embodied Spirit Democritus
5 The Human Person in their Environment → Branch: Metaphysics
Approach: Atomism
Doing Philosophy • Democritus study the causes of natural
phenomena
Philosophy • Was among the first to propose that
Philosophy → Comes from two Greek words: matter is composed of tiny particles
Philos (love) and Sophia (Wisdom). called atoms.
→ Greeks to refer to “Love of • Man is a microcosm of the universe.
Wisdom” Diogenes of Sinope
→ Branch: Ethics
Approach: Cynicism
Anthropological (Global) • He is a known advocate of living a simple
→ Reflects a worldview about man, society, and virtuous life
mores, nation, nationhood, etc. • One should not only talk of virtue but
Systematic (Methodological) should show it in words and actions
• His emphasis on austerity and simplicity
→ Ideas serve as parts trying to fit together in a
often went to the extreme and was said to
synthesis.In this context, Philosophy is an ongoing
have lived like a beggar
process “in which philosophies are ‘moments’,
• Happiness is a good flow of life.
which is to say dynamically interrelated parts
constituting a whole which is ever progressing. Epicurus
→ Branch: Ethics
Approach: Epicureanism
The Ancient World
• Philosophy could enable man to live a life
Pre-Socratic Philosophers (700 BCE – 25- CE)
of happiness
Thales of Miletus
• His views gave rise to ‘Epicureanism’ a
→ Branch: Metaphysics
school of philosophy which believes that
Approach: Monism
wisdom and simple living will result in a
• Thales of Miletus is considered to be the
life free of fear and pain.
first philosopher by Aristotle and the
Socrates
others.
→ Branch: Epistemology
• A Greek mathematician, astronomer and
Approach: Dialectical Method
pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus in
• Considered the foremost philosopher of
Ionia, Asia Minor. He was one of the seven
ancient times
sages of Greece
• He did not claim to be “wise” and marely
• Believes that “EVERTHING IS MADE OF
considered himself a “midwife” that helped
WATER”
inquiring minds achieve wisdom
Pythagoras
• Believed that philosophy could enable a
→ Branch: Metaphysics
man to live a life of virtue
Approach: Pythagoreanism
• Truth is Absolute and Objective
• Thales of Miletus is a mathematician and
• “Argumentation to achieve substantive
scientist, credited with formulating the
concepts of truth and goodness
Pythagorean Theorem.
• He attempted to discover the foundation
• Established a community of learners
of goodlife by simple knowing and doing
devoted to the study of religion and
• Knowledge is a virtue
philosophy
• Soul/Psyche
• Believes that “Number is the ruler of forms
- “That is within us in virtue of which we
and Number is the ruler of ideas.”
are pronounce wise or foolish, good or
Heraclitus
bad.”
→ Branch: Metaphysics - Structure of personality
Approach: Monism - “make the sould good as possible
AUTHOR’S INITIALS 1
REVIEWER
PHILOSOPHY • He proposed that everything that exists is
based on a higher order or plan which he
TOPIC OUTLINE called “Logos”
1 Doing Philosophy • Change is permanent aspect of the human
2 Truth and Opinion condition; “No man never steps in the
3 Methods of Philosophizing same river twice.”
4 Man as Embodied Spirit Democritus
5 The Human Person in their Environment → Branch: Metaphysics
Approach: Atomism
Doing Philosophy • Democritus study the causes of natural
phenomena
Philosophy • Was among the first to propose that
Philosophy → Comes from two Greek words: matter is composed of tiny particles
Philos (love) and Sophia (Wisdom). called atoms.
→ Greeks to refer to “Love of • Man is a microcosm of the universe.
Wisdom” Diogenes of Sinope
→ Branch: Ethics
Approach: Cynicism
Anthropological (Global) • He is a known advocate of living a simple
→ Reflects a worldview about man, society, and virtuous life
mores, nation, nationhood, etc. • One should not only talk of virtue but
Systematic (Methodological) should show it in words and actions
• His emphasis on austerity and simplicity
→ Ideas serve as parts trying to fit together in a
often went to the extreme and was said to
synthesis.In this context, Philosophy is an ongoing
have lived like a beggar
process “in which philosophies are ‘moments’,
• Happiness is a good flow of life.
which is to say dynamically interrelated parts
constituting a whole which is ever progressing. Epicurus
→ Branch: Ethics
Approach: Epicureanism
The Ancient World
• Philosophy could enable man to live a life
Pre-Socratic Philosophers (700 BCE – 25- CE)
of happiness
Thales of Miletus
• His views gave rise to ‘Epicureanism’ a
→ Branch: Metaphysics
school of philosophy which believes that
Approach: Monism
wisdom and simple living will result in a
• Thales of Miletus is considered to be the
life free of fear and pain.
first philosopher by Aristotle and the
Socrates
others.
→ Branch: Epistemology
• A Greek mathematician, astronomer and
Approach: Dialectical Method
pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus in
• Considered the foremost philosopher of
Ionia, Asia Minor. He was one of the seven
ancient times
sages of Greece
• He did not claim to be “wise” and marely
• Believes that “EVERTHING IS MADE OF
considered himself a “midwife” that helped
WATER”
inquiring minds achieve wisdom
Pythagoras
• Believed that philosophy could enable a
→ Branch: Metaphysics
man to live a life of virtue
Approach: Pythagoreanism
• Truth is Absolute and Objective
• Thales of Miletus is a mathematician and
• “Argumentation to achieve substantive
scientist, credited with formulating the
concepts of truth and goodness
Pythagorean Theorem.
• He attempted to discover the foundation
• Established a community of learners
of goodlife by simple knowing and doing
devoted to the study of religion and
• Knowledge is a virtue
philosophy
• Soul/Psyche
• Believes that “Number is the ruler of forms
- “That is within us in virtue of which we
and Number is the ruler of ideas.”
are pronounce wise or foolish, good or
Heraclitus
bad.”
→ Branch: Metaphysics - Structure of personality
Approach: Monism - “make the sould good as possible
AUTHOR’S INITIALS 1
