- prevents water loss
HUMAN ORGANISM - produce vit D
Skeletal System
Anatomy - investigates body structure - protection and support
- the term means to dissect - produce blood cells
Physiology - investigates processes and functions - stores minerals and adipose tissue
1. Human Physiology - studies the human organism
2. Systemic Physiology - studies body organ-systems Muscular System
3. Cellular Physiology - studies body cells - produce body movements
- maintain posture and produce body heat
Importance of Anatomy and Physiology
Understand how the body:
Nervous System
o responds to stimuli
- detect sensation and control movements, physiological
o environmental changes
processes, intellectual functions
o environmental cues
o diseases
o injury Endocrine System
- influences metabolism, growth, reproduction
Types of Anatomy - organ and gland secrete hormones
1. Systemic - studies body organ-systems
2. Regional - studies body regions (medical schools) Cardiovascular System
3. Surface - studies external features, for example, bone - transport of nutrient, wastes, gases, hormones throughout
projections body
4. Anatomical imaging – use of technologies (x-rays,
ultrasound, MRI) Lymphatic System
- remove foreign substances
Structural and Functional Organization - combat disease
Six levels from chemical to organism: - maintain fluid balance
1. Chemical - smallest level - absorb dietary fats
Ex. atoms, chemical bonds, molecules
2. Cellular Respiratory System
- cells: basic units of life - exchange of O2 and CO2
- compartments and organelles - regulate blood pH
- examples of organelles: mitochondria,
nucleus Digestive System
3. Tissues - group of cells with similar structure and - digestion
function plus extracellular substances they release - absorption of nutrients
four broad types: - elimination of wastes
1. Epithelial – outer layer/covering
2. Connective – store fat, protect, tissue repair Urinary System
3. Muscular - movements - remove waste products
4. Nervous – controls the body - regulate pH, ion balance, water balance
4. Organs - two or more tissue types acting together
to perform function Femail Reproductive System
- Ex. stomach, heart, liver, ovary, bladder, - produce oocytes
kidneys - site of fertilization, fetal development
5. Organ System - group of organs contributing to - produces hormones that influence sexual function
some function
Ex. digestive system, reproductive system Male Reproductive System
6. Organism - all organ systems working together - produce & transfer sperms to female
- includes associated microorganisms such as
intestinal bacteria Characteristics of Life
S – secretion 1. Organization – functional between parts
P – protection 2. Metabolism - sum of chemical/physical
A – absorption - require and organism
T – transportation 3. Responsiveness – to sense, respond / inter
S – special sensory receptors 4. Growth – increase size
5. Development – changes in form/size
Organ Systems of the Body
- Differentiation – changes in structure & function
Integumentary System
6. Reproduction – formation new cells/organisms
- protection
- tissue repair
- regulates temp
labd
HUMAN ORGANISM - produce vit D
Skeletal System
Anatomy - investigates body structure - protection and support
- the term means to dissect - produce blood cells
Physiology - investigates processes and functions - stores minerals and adipose tissue
1. Human Physiology - studies the human organism
2. Systemic Physiology - studies body organ-systems Muscular System
3. Cellular Physiology - studies body cells - produce body movements
- maintain posture and produce body heat
Importance of Anatomy and Physiology
Understand how the body:
Nervous System
o responds to stimuli
- detect sensation and control movements, physiological
o environmental changes
processes, intellectual functions
o environmental cues
o diseases
o injury Endocrine System
- influences metabolism, growth, reproduction
Types of Anatomy - organ and gland secrete hormones
1. Systemic - studies body organ-systems
2. Regional - studies body regions (medical schools) Cardiovascular System
3. Surface - studies external features, for example, bone - transport of nutrient, wastes, gases, hormones throughout
projections body
4. Anatomical imaging – use of technologies (x-rays,
ultrasound, MRI) Lymphatic System
- remove foreign substances
Structural and Functional Organization - combat disease
Six levels from chemical to organism: - maintain fluid balance
1. Chemical - smallest level - absorb dietary fats
Ex. atoms, chemical bonds, molecules
2. Cellular Respiratory System
- cells: basic units of life - exchange of O2 and CO2
- compartments and organelles - regulate blood pH
- examples of organelles: mitochondria,
nucleus Digestive System
3. Tissues - group of cells with similar structure and - digestion
function plus extracellular substances they release - absorption of nutrients
four broad types: - elimination of wastes
1. Epithelial – outer layer/covering
2. Connective – store fat, protect, tissue repair Urinary System
3. Muscular - movements - remove waste products
4. Nervous – controls the body - regulate pH, ion balance, water balance
4. Organs - two or more tissue types acting together
to perform function Femail Reproductive System
- Ex. stomach, heart, liver, ovary, bladder, - produce oocytes
kidneys - site of fertilization, fetal development
5. Organ System - group of organs contributing to - produces hormones that influence sexual function
some function
Ex. digestive system, reproductive system Male Reproductive System
6. Organism - all organ systems working together - produce & transfer sperms to female
- includes associated microorganisms such as
intestinal bacteria Characteristics of Life
S – secretion 1. Organization – functional between parts
P – protection 2. Metabolism - sum of chemical/physical
A – absorption - require and organism
T – transportation 3. Responsiveness – to sense, respond / inter
S – special sensory receptors 4. Growth – increase size
5. Development – changes in form/size
Organ Systems of the Body
- Differentiation – changes in structure & function
Integumentary System
6. Reproduction – formation new cells/organisms
- protection
- tissue repair
- regulates temp
labd
