LDA Neuro Questions & Answers, latest updates. 100% Accurate.

LDA Neuro Questions & Answers, latest updates. 100% Accurate. 1) Describe two functions of the meninges. - a. Forms a "PAD" around the brain in the skull- almost like a balloon of fluid for the brain to sit in so no pressure is on the bottom of the brain i. It makes movement slower to create less of an impact- therefore protecting the brain from too fast of movement and gravity of the brain b. Carries cerebral-spinal fluid; carrying or being a vehicle in which blood vessels bring nutrients/oxygen to the brain and taking away waste product from the brain 2) Describe two differences between the cerebral hemispheres. - a. Left and Right: look similar but not identical; in Right handed adults the Left hemisphere is larger and has a longer lateral fissure b. Handedness plays a role: Most Right and Left handed people are Left hemisphere dominant for language 3) Describe the concept of homunculus man as it relates to brain function. - a. It is where on the motor strip contributes to movement on the opposite side of the body; the size of the body part as shown on homunculus man represents the contribution to movement i. The face's size shows that it requires more motor control in comparison to the leg- this would represent homunculus man because it requires more space on the brain to contribute to all of its movements. b. If lesion that causes Brocas- it is likely to have facial problems because of the correlation in location of homunculus man and Brocas Area. i. Most likely dysarthria (unilateral-upper motor neuron); right side of the face would have the drooping and the possibility of right side tongue weakness 4) What is the significance of the location on the primary motor cortex of the site for innervation of the muscles of the oral mechanism? How can this be helpful diagnostically? - a. Significance of location (Dr. Kaploun said via email): The location for those muscles on the primary motor cortex is close to Broca's area and the area for contributing to praxis, b. Helpful Diagnostically: leading to increased incidence of specific diagnoses together (Broca's aphasia with apraxia of speech and unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria) we would look for possibility of one when other is present and would need to rule out others when one is present 5) What is the significance of the location in the frontal cortex of the neurons that contribute to oral praxis? How can this be helpful diagnostically? - a. It is located just in front of the primary motor cortex and is for complex and skilled movements. b. Significance of location that contributes to oral praxis: due to the location in the brain being associated/correlation of location with Broca's Area c. Diagnostically: This would be helpful because someone with Broca's Aphasia would have a higher incidence of having apraxia of speech 6) Explain what an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is. What type of danger does AVM present? - a. It is a convoluted (elaborate collections of weak, thin-walled veins and arteries on the brain's surface or within the brain b. Danger: Can cause subarachnoid hemorrhages- which compromise 8% of all strokes 7) Name three main areas of the frontal lobe and the functions with which they are associated. - a. Primary motor cortex- controls motor movement on the opposite side of the body b. Premotor cortex- is for complex and skilled movements c. Prefrontal cortex- is for reasoning, abstract thinking, self monitoring, decision making, planning, and pragmatic behaviors 8) Describe three symptoms of frontal lobe deficit of executive function in the orbital-frontal area. How do symptoms of pathology in this area differ from pathology in the dorso-lateral area of the frontal lobe? - a. Orbital-Frontal Area: you would have excess in- impulsive, distractible, and poor emotional control b. Difference from Dorso-Lateral Area: would be that dorso-lateral would have too little rather than too much. With dorso-lateral they would have a decrease in drive, lack of directed behavior, and limited language output. 9) Write a question you might ask during conversation to a client who presents with frontal lobe deficit in the orbital frontal area. How would he respond, given his deficits? How would the client with deficits in the dorso-lateral area of the frontal lobe respond? - a. Question for frontal lobe deficit in the orbital frontal area: I could ask