MAJORSHIP
Area: ENGLISH
Focus: Campus Journalism
LET Competencies:
Apply the principles and strategies in writing the various parts (e.g. editorial, news, feature
story, etc.) of a campus paper
ORIGIN OF CAMPUS JOURNALISM
On a 4” x 6” sheet of paper, Samuel Fickle Fox penned the first issue of The Students Gazette
on July 11, 1777 at the William Penn Charter School in Philadelphia, USA. Published
continuously until August 1778, when the British soldiers closed the school, The Gazette is
recognized as the first student publication in the English-speaking world.
In the Philippines, The University of the Philippines started publishing its magazine College Folio
in October 1910 and printed the works of the first promising writers in English. In 1912 the
graduates of Manila High School published their English writings in The Coconut. The following
year, 1913, the Philippine Normal School introduced its publication, The TORCH.
The UP Writers Club which was organized in 1927 had its literary organ, The Literary Apprentice
which became the most prestigious college literary publication in the country. At about this time
UST’s Varsitarian began to see publication.
JOURNALISM IN GENERAL
Definition of Journalism
The word journal comes from the Latin word diurna which means “daily.” In ancient Rome, short
bulletins of battles, fires, and elections compiled by government officials were posted up in public
places. These were called acta diurna which meant “daily events.”
Other definitions of journalism:
● The occupation of writing for publication in newspapers and other periodicals. – Noah
Webster
● Something that embraces all forms in which or through which the news and
comments on the news reach the public. All that happens in the world, if such
happenings hold interest for the public, and all the thoughts, actions, and ideas which
these happenings stimulate, become basic materials for the journalist.- Fraser F.
Bond
● Enjoyable co-curricular activity of the school paper staff in collecting, organizing, and
presenting news; in writing editorials, columns, literary articles, and features; in
copyreading, proofreading, dummying, and writing headlines – all for the purpose of
putting out a school organ. – School Paper Advisers of the City Schools of Manila
Scope of Journalism
● Journalism may be divided into three areas: written, oral, and visual
● Periodicals such as newspapers and magazines fall under written journalism.
A periodical, defined broadly, is a publication that comes out at regular
intervals – daily, weekly, fortnightly, monthly, bi-monthly, quarterly, annually,
etc.
● A newspaper, compared to a magazine, prints more news, has no special
cover, and is printed on a special paper called newsprint. News is printed on
the front page as well as on the inside and back pages.
● A magazine, on the other hand, prints more features and human interest
stories, has a special cover usually with a big cut on it, and is often printed on
bookpaper. If ever news is printed, it is brief, featurized, and found in the
inside pages.
, ● Periodicals, brochures, journals, books, and graphic arts are classified under
print media. Radio falls under oral journalism, while television, movies, and
documentaries are under visual journalism.
● Radio and television are examples of broadcast media while movies and
documentaries are examples of film media.
Functions of modern campus papers:
● Information function
● Opinion function
● Education function
● Watchdog function
● Laboratory function
● Documentation function
● Entertainment function
● Developmental function
Sections/Part of A Campus Paper
Whether it is a community, metropolitan, or national paper, its parts and sections are more or
less the same.
Traditionally, these are:
A. Front Page
1. Local news – news that takes place within the country.
2. Foreign news – news that takes place outside the country.
3. Dateline news – an out-of-town news story. It is introduced by a dateline which
states the place from which the story was reported, the date, and the source of
the material if not written by the local staff, as Tokyo, Japan, Jan. 25 (AP).
4. Weather news – usually a boxed forecast of the area, sometimes the
temperature, wind directions, and velocities.
5. Index – a slug line indicating an important inside page story and the page where
it is found.
6. Other things found on the Front Page: (Those with asterisk may or may not
be present).
a. Nameplate – The engraved or printed name of the newspaper, as the
Manila Times or PNC Torch.
b. Ears – The little boxes on either side of the nameplate.
c. Banner – The principal headline bearing the boldest and biggest type.
It is the title of the most important news of the day which is called
banner news. It may or may not run across the page. It id does, it may
also be called a streamer.
d. Running head – a head made up of two or more lines.
e. Headline – The title of any news story. The word headline is used only
for titles of news stories.
f. Deck – a subordinate headline placed immediately below its mother
headline, also known as bank or readout.
g. Lead – The beginning of a news story. It may be a word, a group of
words, a sentence, or even a paragraph.
h. News story – The whole story of an event composed of the lead and
the text which is the elaboration of the lead.
i. Columns – The horizontal division into parts of a newspaper. Many
national papers are divided into eight columns while a typical school
paper is divided into five columns of 12 ems each.
j. Column rule – The vertical line that divides the page into columns.
Most pages of newspaper are divided into columns by a space usually
one em wide. This space is called the sunken rule.
k. Fold – The imaginary horizontal line that divides the newspaper equally
into two parts.
l. Byline – The signature of a reporter preceding a news-feature, as By
Warren Cruz.
m. Box – News materials enclosed by line rules.
n. Cut – A metal plate bearing a newspaper’s illustration, also known as cliché.
o. Cutline – The text accompanying photos and other art work, better
known as a caption. If written above the photo just like a slugline, it is
called an overline.
, q. Credit line – A line giving the source of story or illustration, as
Reprinted from the “Manila Times” or Photo by MPI.
B. Front Page
1. Folio – Consists of the page number, date of publication, and name of the
newspaper, usually written on top of the page. This is also found in the other
pages.
2. Masthead – The editorial box containing the logo, names of the staff members
and position in the staff, subscription rate, the publisher, and other pertinent data
about the newspaper. A logo (a shorter word for logotype) is a cut which
contains an identifying word or words, such as the name of the newspaper or of
a section.
3. Editorial proper – A commentary written by any of the editors who comments
or gives the opinion of the staff or of the whole paper on various subjects. It is
the stand of the paper.
4. Editorial column - A personal opinion written by the columnist himself or
herself. Like the editorial proper, it may attack, teach, entertain, or appeal
depending upon its purpose.
5. Editorial cartoon – Usually a caricature emphasizing a simple point. Usually
humorous, it has the function of the editorial. It stands by itself and is not a
complement of the editorial proper.
6. Editorial liner – a short statement or quoted saying placed at the end of an
editorial column or editorial to drive home a message.
7. Letter to the editor – A letter sent in by the reader giving his personal views on
certain aspects.
C. Sports Page
Sports stories are classified as news stories; therefore, what may be found in the news
page may also be found in the sports section. Other things that may be found in the
sports section are the sports commentaries and sports features.
D. Special Features
The modern newspaper has taken some special features and eliminated some which
have become irrelevant to the needs of the times. An example of this is the
● Society page
● Life and Leisure (The arts, Religion, Entertainment and Comics) and
● Finance and Business
● The feature page may contain home and culture, entertainment, comics,
shipping, classified ads, movie, TV and radio guides, and the comics page.
The Charter of Student Press Rights
The following conditions are essential for a free student press:
● The student press, in accordance with the right of the United Nations (Draft)
Convention on Freedom of Information, should be free from regulations by
any organ of the government or by the university authorities;
● The student press, except where it is an official organ of a student
organization, should be free from regulations by other student organizations;
● The student press should be free from all pressures, financial and other
external groups;
● The student press should have a free access to information and the same
rights and privileges as afforded to regularly accredited journalists.
The Code of Student Press Ethics
Believing that all student publications throughout the world should respect the basic principles of
human rights and that they should maintain good quality workmanship and a high standard of
conduct, the following Code of Ethics for observance by student journalists is recommended:
● The student journalist should strive continuously to be unbiased and accurate
in his/her reports and should equip himself adequately with facts to support
his/her published statements. He/She should realize his/her personal
responsibility for everything he/she submits for publication.
● The student journalist should reveal his/her identity as a representative of the
student press before obtaining any interview for publication.
● The editor should not exclude a student point of view solely because it is
contrary to the editorial policy.
Area: ENGLISH
Focus: Campus Journalism
LET Competencies:
Apply the principles and strategies in writing the various parts (e.g. editorial, news, feature
story, etc.) of a campus paper
ORIGIN OF CAMPUS JOURNALISM
On a 4” x 6” sheet of paper, Samuel Fickle Fox penned the first issue of The Students Gazette
on July 11, 1777 at the William Penn Charter School in Philadelphia, USA. Published
continuously until August 1778, when the British soldiers closed the school, The Gazette is
recognized as the first student publication in the English-speaking world.
In the Philippines, The University of the Philippines started publishing its magazine College Folio
in October 1910 and printed the works of the first promising writers in English. In 1912 the
graduates of Manila High School published their English writings in The Coconut. The following
year, 1913, the Philippine Normal School introduced its publication, The TORCH.
The UP Writers Club which was organized in 1927 had its literary organ, The Literary Apprentice
which became the most prestigious college literary publication in the country. At about this time
UST’s Varsitarian began to see publication.
JOURNALISM IN GENERAL
Definition of Journalism
The word journal comes from the Latin word diurna which means “daily.” In ancient Rome, short
bulletins of battles, fires, and elections compiled by government officials were posted up in public
places. These were called acta diurna which meant “daily events.”
Other definitions of journalism:
● The occupation of writing for publication in newspapers and other periodicals. – Noah
Webster
● Something that embraces all forms in which or through which the news and
comments on the news reach the public. All that happens in the world, if such
happenings hold interest for the public, and all the thoughts, actions, and ideas which
these happenings stimulate, become basic materials for the journalist.- Fraser F.
Bond
● Enjoyable co-curricular activity of the school paper staff in collecting, organizing, and
presenting news; in writing editorials, columns, literary articles, and features; in
copyreading, proofreading, dummying, and writing headlines – all for the purpose of
putting out a school organ. – School Paper Advisers of the City Schools of Manila
Scope of Journalism
● Journalism may be divided into three areas: written, oral, and visual
● Periodicals such as newspapers and magazines fall under written journalism.
A periodical, defined broadly, is a publication that comes out at regular
intervals – daily, weekly, fortnightly, monthly, bi-monthly, quarterly, annually,
etc.
● A newspaper, compared to a magazine, prints more news, has no special
cover, and is printed on a special paper called newsprint. News is printed on
the front page as well as on the inside and back pages.
● A magazine, on the other hand, prints more features and human interest
stories, has a special cover usually with a big cut on it, and is often printed on
bookpaper. If ever news is printed, it is brief, featurized, and found in the
inside pages.
, ● Periodicals, brochures, journals, books, and graphic arts are classified under
print media. Radio falls under oral journalism, while television, movies, and
documentaries are under visual journalism.
● Radio and television are examples of broadcast media while movies and
documentaries are examples of film media.
Functions of modern campus papers:
● Information function
● Opinion function
● Education function
● Watchdog function
● Laboratory function
● Documentation function
● Entertainment function
● Developmental function
Sections/Part of A Campus Paper
Whether it is a community, metropolitan, or national paper, its parts and sections are more or
less the same.
Traditionally, these are:
A. Front Page
1. Local news – news that takes place within the country.
2. Foreign news – news that takes place outside the country.
3. Dateline news – an out-of-town news story. It is introduced by a dateline which
states the place from which the story was reported, the date, and the source of
the material if not written by the local staff, as Tokyo, Japan, Jan. 25 (AP).
4. Weather news – usually a boxed forecast of the area, sometimes the
temperature, wind directions, and velocities.
5. Index – a slug line indicating an important inside page story and the page where
it is found.
6. Other things found on the Front Page: (Those with asterisk may or may not
be present).
a. Nameplate – The engraved or printed name of the newspaper, as the
Manila Times or PNC Torch.
b. Ears – The little boxes on either side of the nameplate.
c. Banner – The principal headline bearing the boldest and biggest type.
It is the title of the most important news of the day which is called
banner news. It may or may not run across the page. It id does, it may
also be called a streamer.
d. Running head – a head made up of two or more lines.
e. Headline – The title of any news story. The word headline is used only
for titles of news stories.
f. Deck – a subordinate headline placed immediately below its mother
headline, also known as bank or readout.
g. Lead – The beginning of a news story. It may be a word, a group of
words, a sentence, or even a paragraph.
h. News story – The whole story of an event composed of the lead and
the text which is the elaboration of the lead.
i. Columns – The horizontal division into parts of a newspaper. Many
national papers are divided into eight columns while a typical school
paper is divided into five columns of 12 ems each.
j. Column rule – The vertical line that divides the page into columns.
Most pages of newspaper are divided into columns by a space usually
one em wide. This space is called the sunken rule.
k. Fold – The imaginary horizontal line that divides the newspaper equally
into two parts.
l. Byline – The signature of a reporter preceding a news-feature, as By
Warren Cruz.
m. Box – News materials enclosed by line rules.
n. Cut – A metal plate bearing a newspaper’s illustration, also known as cliché.
o. Cutline – The text accompanying photos and other art work, better
known as a caption. If written above the photo just like a slugline, it is
called an overline.
, q. Credit line – A line giving the source of story or illustration, as
Reprinted from the “Manila Times” or Photo by MPI.
B. Front Page
1. Folio – Consists of the page number, date of publication, and name of the
newspaper, usually written on top of the page. This is also found in the other
pages.
2. Masthead – The editorial box containing the logo, names of the staff members
and position in the staff, subscription rate, the publisher, and other pertinent data
about the newspaper. A logo (a shorter word for logotype) is a cut which
contains an identifying word or words, such as the name of the newspaper or of
a section.
3. Editorial proper – A commentary written by any of the editors who comments
or gives the opinion of the staff or of the whole paper on various subjects. It is
the stand of the paper.
4. Editorial column - A personal opinion written by the columnist himself or
herself. Like the editorial proper, it may attack, teach, entertain, or appeal
depending upon its purpose.
5. Editorial cartoon – Usually a caricature emphasizing a simple point. Usually
humorous, it has the function of the editorial. It stands by itself and is not a
complement of the editorial proper.
6. Editorial liner – a short statement or quoted saying placed at the end of an
editorial column or editorial to drive home a message.
7. Letter to the editor – A letter sent in by the reader giving his personal views on
certain aspects.
C. Sports Page
Sports stories are classified as news stories; therefore, what may be found in the news
page may also be found in the sports section. Other things that may be found in the
sports section are the sports commentaries and sports features.
D. Special Features
The modern newspaper has taken some special features and eliminated some which
have become irrelevant to the needs of the times. An example of this is the
● Society page
● Life and Leisure (The arts, Religion, Entertainment and Comics) and
● Finance and Business
● The feature page may contain home and culture, entertainment, comics,
shipping, classified ads, movie, TV and radio guides, and the comics page.
The Charter of Student Press Rights
The following conditions are essential for a free student press:
● The student press, in accordance with the right of the United Nations (Draft)
Convention on Freedom of Information, should be free from regulations by
any organ of the government or by the university authorities;
● The student press, except where it is an official organ of a student
organization, should be free from regulations by other student organizations;
● The student press should be free from all pressures, financial and other
external groups;
● The student press should have a free access to information and the same
rights and privileges as afforded to regularly accredited journalists.
The Code of Student Press Ethics
Believing that all student publications throughout the world should respect the basic principles of
human rights and that they should maintain good quality workmanship and a high standard of
conduct, the following Code of Ethics for observance by student journalists is recommended:
● The student journalist should strive continuously to be unbiased and accurate
in his/her reports and should equip himself adequately with facts to support
his/her published statements. He/She should realize his/her personal
responsibility for everything he/she submits for publication.
● The student journalist should reveal his/her identity as a representative of the
student press before obtaining any interview for publication.
● The editor should not exclude a student point of view solely because it is
contrary to the editorial policy.
