D027 Unit Quizzes
Unit 2:
Which of the following is not a cellular function?
Absorption
Combustion
Excretion
Reproduction
Correct! All living cells must absorb and metabolize sources of energy, excrete waste and by-products of those
processes, and reproduce to continue offspring. Pyrotechnic processes (i.e. combustion) are generally
metaphorical.
What are mitochondria responsible for?
Filtration
Energy production
Reproductive support for the cell
Transport in and out of the cell
Correct! Mitochondria are the energy production organelles of the cell responsible for the major metabolic
processes of creating units of energy (e.g., ATP).
Which if the following can cause edema?
Increased plasma pressure
Increased lymphatic pressure
Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Decreased capillary permeability
Correct! Decreased vascular and lymphatic pressure does not generally result in the movement and
accumulation of fluid into extravascular spaces. Increased plasma pressure in the vascular results in
,hypertension, while increased lymphatic pressure will readily result in the pooling of lymphatic drainage into
third spaces (i.e. edema).
Previousquestion
Nextquestion
Which of the following best describes the result of cellular reproduction?
Cellular reproduction has a long interphase.
During telophase, a nuclear membrane is formed around 23 chromosomes.
During anaphase, the centromeres come together.
Two diploid cells, called daughter cells, are produced.
Correct! The resultant offspring of cellular reproduction is the creation of two daughter cells after the
completion of mitosis or meiosis. Interphase is the longest period that a cell spends its life cycle and is the
preparatory stage before cellular reproduction. Anaphase is the separation of genetic materials to the opposing
centromeres of the cell, followed by telophase.
What indicates hypokalemia?
Serum K decreases to less than 3.5
The patient has taken a potassium supplement
Serum K decreases to less than 5.8
Patient has an increase in fluid volume
Correct! Normal serum potassium (K), also known as eukalemia, is generally 3.5–5.5 mEq/L, with some
variations of +/- 0.1–0.3 mEq/L depending on the laboratory testing, age, and other potential patient-specific
conditions and variations. Alterations in fluid volume or the administration of a supplement alone do not
necessarily contribute to the development of hypokalemia.
What is an example of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy?
Muscle enlargement due to work
Cardiac enlargement due to hypertension
Uterine enlargement due to pregnancy
,Liver enlargement after partial removal
Correct! Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells of an organ or tissue, while hypertrophy is the
enlargement of the cells of a given organ or tissue without a change in the number of cells. Muscle cells grow
and enlarge (hypertrophy) in response to increased work or stress from exercise or increased cardiovascular
pressures. When a liver is damaged or part of it is removed, it is the one internal solid organ capable of
regeneration to repair itself creating more cells (hyperplasia). During pregnancy, the uterus must both grow to
create more cells and enlarge those existing cells in preparation for the support of a fetus.
What regulates the sodium balance?
Aldosterone
Chloride
Renin
Potassium
Correct! Aldosterone is a regulatory hormone produced by the adrenal glands to affect the kidneys' regulation
of sodium, potassium, and water excretion.
Previousquestion
Nextquestion
What is the alteration if the extracellular fluid volume is less than normal?
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Nomotonic
Correct! In hypotonic states, the cell size is increased as a result of water moving from the extracellular fluid
(ECF) into the cell to increase intracellular fluid. Iso- or normotonic states are a balanced state between intra-
and extracellular fluid volumes. Hypertonic states cause water to shift out of the cell to increase the ECF above
normal.
Previousquestion
Nextquestion
When in excess, what do buffers absorb?
Potassium
, Bicarbonate
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Correct! Excesses of acid or base, H+ or hydroxyl ion (OH−), are absorbed for the purpose of maintaining pH
homeostasis (pH of 7.38–7.42).
Which of the following would a patient with metabolic acidosis have?
pH below 7.35
Bicarbonate level greater than 30 mEq/L
Bicarbonate level below 22 mEq/L
Both A and C
Correct! The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis requires that the testing of arterial blood finds that the pH is less
than 7.35 and the bicarbonate level is less than 22 mEq/L.
What is the process by which RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides?
Translation
Mutation
Transcription
Creation
Correct! Translation refers to this process. Transcription is another process in which RNA is synthesized.
Mutation means genetic material has been modified through inheritance. Creation is a term that does not apply
in this
What is the recurrence rate for autosomal dominant disease?
100%
25%
Unit 2:
Which of the following is not a cellular function?
Absorption
Combustion
Excretion
Reproduction
Correct! All living cells must absorb and metabolize sources of energy, excrete waste and by-products of those
processes, and reproduce to continue offspring. Pyrotechnic processes (i.e. combustion) are generally
metaphorical.
What are mitochondria responsible for?
Filtration
Energy production
Reproductive support for the cell
Transport in and out of the cell
Correct! Mitochondria are the energy production organelles of the cell responsible for the major metabolic
processes of creating units of energy (e.g., ATP).
Which if the following can cause edema?
Increased plasma pressure
Increased lymphatic pressure
Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Decreased capillary permeability
Correct! Decreased vascular and lymphatic pressure does not generally result in the movement and
accumulation of fluid into extravascular spaces. Increased plasma pressure in the vascular results in
,hypertension, while increased lymphatic pressure will readily result in the pooling of lymphatic drainage into
third spaces (i.e. edema).
Previousquestion
Nextquestion
Which of the following best describes the result of cellular reproduction?
Cellular reproduction has a long interphase.
During telophase, a nuclear membrane is formed around 23 chromosomes.
During anaphase, the centromeres come together.
Two diploid cells, called daughter cells, are produced.
Correct! The resultant offspring of cellular reproduction is the creation of two daughter cells after the
completion of mitosis or meiosis. Interphase is the longest period that a cell spends its life cycle and is the
preparatory stage before cellular reproduction. Anaphase is the separation of genetic materials to the opposing
centromeres of the cell, followed by telophase.
What indicates hypokalemia?
Serum K decreases to less than 3.5
The patient has taken a potassium supplement
Serum K decreases to less than 5.8
Patient has an increase in fluid volume
Correct! Normal serum potassium (K), also known as eukalemia, is generally 3.5–5.5 mEq/L, with some
variations of +/- 0.1–0.3 mEq/L depending on the laboratory testing, age, and other potential patient-specific
conditions and variations. Alterations in fluid volume or the administration of a supplement alone do not
necessarily contribute to the development of hypokalemia.
What is an example of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy?
Muscle enlargement due to work
Cardiac enlargement due to hypertension
Uterine enlargement due to pregnancy
,Liver enlargement after partial removal
Correct! Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells of an organ or tissue, while hypertrophy is the
enlargement of the cells of a given organ or tissue without a change in the number of cells. Muscle cells grow
and enlarge (hypertrophy) in response to increased work or stress from exercise or increased cardiovascular
pressures. When a liver is damaged or part of it is removed, it is the one internal solid organ capable of
regeneration to repair itself creating more cells (hyperplasia). During pregnancy, the uterus must both grow to
create more cells and enlarge those existing cells in preparation for the support of a fetus.
What regulates the sodium balance?
Aldosterone
Chloride
Renin
Potassium
Correct! Aldosterone is a regulatory hormone produced by the adrenal glands to affect the kidneys' regulation
of sodium, potassium, and water excretion.
Previousquestion
Nextquestion
What is the alteration if the extracellular fluid volume is less than normal?
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Nomotonic
Correct! In hypotonic states, the cell size is increased as a result of water moving from the extracellular fluid
(ECF) into the cell to increase intracellular fluid. Iso- or normotonic states are a balanced state between intra-
and extracellular fluid volumes. Hypertonic states cause water to shift out of the cell to increase the ECF above
normal.
Previousquestion
Nextquestion
When in excess, what do buffers absorb?
Potassium
, Bicarbonate
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Correct! Excesses of acid or base, H+ or hydroxyl ion (OH−), are absorbed for the purpose of maintaining pH
homeostasis (pH of 7.38–7.42).
Which of the following would a patient with metabolic acidosis have?
pH below 7.35
Bicarbonate level greater than 30 mEq/L
Bicarbonate level below 22 mEq/L
Both A and C
Correct! The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis requires that the testing of arterial blood finds that the pH is less
than 7.35 and the bicarbonate level is less than 22 mEq/L.
What is the process by which RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides?
Translation
Mutation
Transcription
Creation
Correct! Translation refers to this process. Transcription is another process in which RNA is synthesized.
Mutation means genetic material has been modified through inheritance. Creation is a term that does not apply
in this
What is the recurrence rate for autosomal dominant disease?
100%
25%
