History 1301 Exam 1, Top Exam Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. Graded A+

History 1301 Exam 1, Top Exam Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. Graded A+ Incas - -A Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America, Peru. Mayans - -A Mesoamerican civilization of Central America and southern Mexico. Aztecs - -Native American Empire who lived in Mexico. Capital was Tenochtitlan. Worshipped nature, and sun. Cortes conquered them in 1521. Mercantilism - -a nationalistic program that assumed that the total of the world's gold and silver remained essentially fixed, with only a nation;s share in that wealth subject to change Cathay - -an archaic or literary name for China Christopher Columbus - -Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China, but found the Bahamas instead () Conquistadors - -Spanish soldiers and explorers who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain Requerimento - -a document by the king of spain to the indians saying that God gave the pope in Rome the authority over all men Slavery - -condition of being owned by, and forced to work for, someone else Protestant Reformation - -a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches Spanish Armada - -the Spanish fleet that attempted to invade England, ending in disaster, due to the raging storm in the English Channel as well as the smaller and better English navy led by Francis Drake. This is viewed as the decline of Spains Golden Age, and the rise of England as a world naval power. Jacques Cartier - -French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France () Samuel de Champlain - -French explorer in Nova Scotia who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec () Quebec - -First permanent French settlement in North America, founded by Samuel de Champlain St. Lawrence River - -area where most New France settlements were located Coueurs de bois - -Who traveled throughout New France to the interior of North America to engage in the fur trade without permission from the French Pere Jacques Marquette - -French missionary who accompanied Louis Joliet in exploring the upper Mississippi River valley () Sieur de la Salle - -French explorer in North America who claimed Louisiana for France (1682) Louisiana - -It was ceded to Spain in compensation for their losses in the Seven Years' War New Orleans - -Strategic French outpost at the mouth of the Mississippi Sir Humphrey Gilbert - -English navigator who in 1583 established in Newfoundland the first English colony in North America () Northwest Passage - -a water route between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans along the northern coast of North America Sir Walter Raleigh - -An English adventurer and writer, who was prominent at the court of Queen Elizabeth I, and became an explorer of the Americas. In 1585, Raleigh sponsored the first English colony in America on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina. It failed and is known as " The Lost Colony." Richard Hakluyt - -(28) An English writer that tried to convince the English in England to relocate to the American colonies The Principle Navigations, Voyages, and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589) - -written by Richard Hakluyt to convince Englishmen to come to America Jamestown - -first permanent English settlement in North America John Smith - -Was appointed the leadership role of the English Jamestown settlement in 1608. Most people in the settlement at the time were only there for personal gain and did not want to help strengthen the settlement. Smith therefore told the people, "people who do not work do not eat." His leadership saved the Jamestown settlement from collapsing. Henry VIII - -English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval) Queen Elizabeth - -daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; she succeeded the Catholic Mary I and restored Protestantism to England Puritans - -A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay. Quakers - -English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preach a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and