Organic Chemistry 202 Synthetic Transformations, Top Exam Questions & answers, Rated A+

Organic Chemistry 202 Synthetic Transformations, Top Exam Questions & answers, Rated A+ reduction of an aldehyde or ketone to an alcohol LiAlH4 or NaBH4 H3O H2O lithium dialkyl cuprate reagent from an alkyl halide 4 Li metal CuI reduction of a nitro group to an amine Zn(Hg) HCl reduction of a benzyl carbonyl H2/Pd or Zn(Hg) HCl NAS (normal condition must be 1 EWG ortho/para to leaving group) nucleophile (–OH, –OR, R3N) benzyne reactions 1) NaOH 2) dilute acid benzyne reactions NaNH2 NH3 changing an o/p to a m director (NO2:NH2) Zn(Hg), HCl changing an m to an o/p director (CHR2:OCOH) KMnO4, H2O acylation and de–acylation of ailines OCCH3 NaOH sulfonation and de–sulfonation of aromatic rings H2SO4 SO3 H3O+ H2O complete reduction of benzene H2/Pt or H2/Rh hydrate formation H3O+ cyanohydrin formation HCN –CN acid halide reaction (nucleophilic acyl substitution) nuc (HO–, RO–, NC–, R2N–, H–) H–nuc (H2O, ROH, NR3) preparation of acid halides from carboxylic acids SOCl2 X=Cl PBr3 X=BR imine formation R'–NH2 (NH3 or primary amine) H (acid catalyst) enamine formation R'–NH–R' (secondary amine) H (acid catalyst) hemiacetal and acetal formation H (acid catalyst) R–OH (H acid catalyst) protection of a carbonyl against nuc H catalyst