Inorganic Chemistry Notes- P-block elements

General Characteristics of p-block elements according to its group:
Group 16 17 18

Electronic configuration (in valence shell) ns2np4 ns2np5 ns2np6

First member O F He
Group oxidation state +6 +7 +8
Other oxidation state +4, +2, -2 +5, +3, +1, -1 +6, +4, +2

, Atomic Physical
Reactions Special notes
Element Properties Properties
Metal Oxide (O2-)
- Crystalline solid (metal cation + oxide
anion)
- M+O2 → M2O (earth metal)
- M+O2 → MO (alkaline earth)
- Oxidation state: -2

Non-metal oxide
- Mostly acidic and forms oxoacids when
reacting with water (can donate H+) Has allotropes:
- Disproportional Reaction? - O2
o Almost like a redox reaction - O3, ozone
but must be between the
Low boiling samelement.nt Can be 3 anions:
diatomic - O2-, oxide
O (Oxygen) Nonmetals
gas, O2 (like Hydrides of the Oxygen Fam - O22-, peroxide
N) - 2 hydrides: o Powerful H+ acceptor
o H2O o Strong oxidizing agent
o H2O2 (peroxide) - O21-, superoxide
- Has foul smell and is a poisonous gas o Larger metal size, more electropositive,
(eg. Sampah) more stable the superoxide
- Has high melting and boiling point due
to H-bonds and covalent bond

Halides of Oxygen Fam
- All elements in G16 can form halide
except O
- Structure and reactivity depend on size
of the central atom and the surrounding
halogens