.During the body's inflammatory process, what causes edema?
(1/1 Point)
Vasodilation of blood vessels
Emigration of neutrophils
Endothelial cell expansion
Increased capillary permeability
The increased flow and capillary permeability result in a leakage of plasma from the vessels causing
swelling (edema) in the surrounding tissue and is solely responsible for inflammation induced edema
2.A 56-year-old diabetic patient has not taken his insulin in 4 days due to him” feeling well without it”.
He is admitted to the ED with an elevated blood sugar. What electrolyte should be assessed FIRST?
(1/1 Point)
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
ANS: C - Insulin facilitates the intracellular transport of potassium, phosphate, and magnesium.
Without insulin, potassium does not get transported to the intracellular environment and the serum
potassium will rise.
Chloride
3.A 46-year-old women is considering having another child. The healthcare providers are explaining to
the woman that children born to women late in life have an increase rate in having children with which
condition.
(1/1 Point)
Kawasaki’s disease
Down syndrome
Down syndrome risk increases with Maternal age.
Klinefelter syndrome
Turner syndrome
4.A patient with several risk factors is concerned about developing type 2 diabetes. The healthcare
professional advises the patient to lose weight, explaining that obesity is an important risk factor for type
2 diabetes mellitus because it causes what?
,(1/1 Point)
Reduced insulin production by the pancreas
Increased resistance to insulin in the cells
People with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffer from insulin resistance. Obesity causes this resistance so their
cells have difficulty using insulin. Obesity does not lead to reduced insulin production, obstructed insulin
outflow, or stimulation of glucose production.
Obstructed outflow of insulin from the pancreas
Stimulation of glucose production by the liver
5.When evaluating a patient for hypertensive target organ damage, the APRN looks for evidence of:
(1/1 Point)
Lipid abnormality
Insulin resistance
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Clotting disorders
6.On ultrasound a patient had 4-chamber dilation with an ejection fraction of 15% and a pleural effusion
on chest x-ray. Elevated liver function tests, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesema are seen on lab results.
Blood pressure is 115/60 and heart rate is 110 bpm with regular rate and rhythm, respiratory rate 30
bpm and O2 saturation is 88% on room air. Initial therapy should include all of the following except:
(1/1 Point)
Diuretic
ACE Inhibitor
Digoxin
Beta Blocker
7.A patient in the emergency department is suspected of having a myocardial infarction (MI). The initial
cardiac troponin 1 level was negative. What action by the healthcare professional is best?
(1/1 Point)
Administer thrombolytic therapy.
Discharge the patient.
Schedule repeat troponin within a few hours.
, Several cardiac biomarkers exist including the most specific, cardiac troponin 1 (cTnI), cTnI begins to rise
within 2 to 4 hours after cardiac injury, so if the initial result is normal, the test should be repeated
within 6 to 9 hours and again at 12 to 24 hours. It is not known yet if the patient has had an MI so
treatment with thrombolytic therapy and/or catheterization would be premature. The patient should not
be discharged since the professional suspected an MI.
Prepare the patient for cardiac catheterization.
8.Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) secretion?
(1/1 Point)
Being treated for small cell carcinoma of the stomach
A common cause of elevated levels of ADH secretion is ectopically produced ADH by tumors, such as
small cell carcinoma of the duodenum, stomach, and pancreas; cancers of the bladder, prostate, and
endometrium; lymphomas; and sarcomas. High doses of antiinflammatory medications are a risk factor,
but acetaminophen is not an antiinflammatory medication. Surgery within the last 5 to 7 leads to
increased ADH secretion. Kidney disease does not lead to excess levels of ADH.
Taking high dose acetaminophen (Tylenol) for arthritis
Had a hip replacement operation 14 days ago
Has long-standing kidney disease from diabetes
9.A post-operative patient with gallbladder surgery has an epidural infusion of Astramorph. The patients
respiratory rate starts to decline to 9 breaths/minute. Which medication should the healthcare provider
anticipate administering to this patient?
(1/1 Point)
Protamine sulfate
Mucomyst
Naloxone
Naloxone is a narcotic antagonist that can reverse the effect of both adverse and therapeutic use of
opioid narcotic analgesics.
Solu-Medrol
10.A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the chest. The
healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural rupture that acts as a one-way valve,
permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration. What action
by the healthcare professional is the priority?
(1/1 Point)
(1/1 Point)
Vasodilation of blood vessels
Emigration of neutrophils
Endothelial cell expansion
Increased capillary permeability
The increased flow and capillary permeability result in a leakage of plasma from the vessels causing
swelling (edema) in the surrounding tissue and is solely responsible for inflammation induced edema
2.A 56-year-old diabetic patient has not taken his insulin in 4 days due to him” feeling well without it”.
He is admitted to the ED with an elevated blood sugar. What electrolyte should be assessed FIRST?
(1/1 Point)
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
ANS: C - Insulin facilitates the intracellular transport of potassium, phosphate, and magnesium.
Without insulin, potassium does not get transported to the intracellular environment and the serum
potassium will rise.
Chloride
3.A 46-year-old women is considering having another child. The healthcare providers are explaining to
the woman that children born to women late in life have an increase rate in having children with which
condition.
(1/1 Point)
Kawasaki’s disease
Down syndrome
Down syndrome risk increases with Maternal age.
Klinefelter syndrome
Turner syndrome
4.A patient with several risk factors is concerned about developing type 2 diabetes. The healthcare
professional advises the patient to lose weight, explaining that obesity is an important risk factor for type
2 diabetes mellitus because it causes what?
,(1/1 Point)
Reduced insulin production by the pancreas
Increased resistance to insulin in the cells
People with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffer from insulin resistance. Obesity causes this resistance so their
cells have difficulty using insulin. Obesity does not lead to reduced insulin production, obstructed insulin
outflow, or stimulation of glucose production.
Obstructed outflow of insulin from the pancreas
Stimulation of glucose production by the liver
5.When evaluating a patient for hypertensive target organ damage, the APRN looks for evidence of:
(1/1 Point)
Lipid abnormality
Insulin resistance
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Clotting disorders
6.On ultrasound a patient had 4-chamber dilation with an ejection fraction of 15% and a pleural effusion
on chest x-ray. Elevated liver function tests, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesema are seen on lab results.
Blood pressure is 115/60 and heart rate is 110 bpm with regular rate and rhythm, respiratory rate 30
bpm and O2 saturation is 88% on room air. Initial therapy should include all of the following except:
(1/1 Point)
Diuretic
ACE Inhibitor
Digoxin
Beta Blocker
7.A patient in the emergency department is suspected of having a myocardial infarction (MI). The initial
cardiac troponin 1 level was negative. What action by the healthcare professional is best?
(1/1 Point)
Administer thrombolytic therapy.
Discharge the patient.
Schedule repeat troponin within a few hours.
, Several cardiac biomarkers exist including the most specific, cardiac troponin 1 (cTnI), cTnI begins to rise
within 2 to 4 hours after cardiac injury, so if the initial result is normal, the test should be repeated
within 6 to 9 hours and again at 12 to 24 hours. It is not known yet if the patient has had an MI so
treatment with thrombolytic therapy and/or catheterization would be premature. The patient should not
be discharged since the professional suspected an MI.
Prepare the patient for cardiac catheterization.
8.Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) secretion?
(1/1 Point)
Being treated for small cell carcinoma of the stomach
A common cause of elevated levels of ADH secretion is ectopically produced ADH by tumors, such as
small cell carcinoma of the duodenum, stomach, and pancreas; cancers of the bladder, prostate, and
endometrium; lymphomas; and sarcomas. High doses of antiinflammatory medications are a risk factor,
but acetaminophen is not an antiinflammatory medication. Surgery within the last 5 to 7 leads to
increased ADH secretion. Kidney disease does not lead to excess levels of ADH.
Taking high dose acetaminophen (Tylenol) for arthritis
Had a hip replacement operation 14 days ago
Has long-standing kidney disease from diabetes
9.A post-operative patient with gallbladder surgery has an epidural infusion of Astramorph. The patients
respiratory rate starts to decline to 9 breaths/minute. Which medication should the healthcare provider
anticipate administering to this patient?
(1/1 Point)
Protamine sulfate
Mucomyst
Naloxone
Naloxone is a narcotic antagonist that can reverse the effect of both adverse and therapeutic use of
opioid narcotic analgesics.
Solu-Medrol
10.A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the chest. The
healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural rupture that acts as a one-way valve,
permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration. What action
by the healthcare professional is the priority?
(1/1 Point)
