PEDIATRICS FINAL EXAM
Which approach is best for administering oral medication to a young child?
1. "Would you please take your medicine now, David?"
2. "Look how good Johnny takes his medication. Can you do that too, David"
3. "You must take your medication now if you want to get better."
4. "It's time for the medicine, David. Would you like water juice after it?" - Answer
Correct answer: 4
Rationale: Allowing a young child autonomy, providing praise for cooperation, and
providing a good-tasting liquid or a frozen treat following administration of a medication
are all techniques that encourage compliance.
Page reference: Page 501-502
The preferred site for an intramuscular injection in small infant is:
1. dorsogluteal
2. ventrogluteal
3. vastus lateralis
4. deltoid - Answer Correct answer: 3
Rationale: IM injections are given into the vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh in all
infants. The site is free of major nerves and blood vessels.
Page reference: Page 503
The physician orders 10 mg of Demerol for an infant after surgery. If the label reads 50
mg/ml, the nurse would administer
1. 2.0 mL
2. 0.8 mL
3. 0.5 mL
4. 0.2 mL - Answer Correct answer: 4
Rationale:
Page reference: Page 509 Box 22-2
Which of the following medication can be crushed when administered to a pediatric
patient?
1. Potassium chloride (Slo-K" capsule
2. Colace gel tablets ( Docusate)
3. Ditropan XL tablets (oxybutynin)
4. Simethicone tablet - Answer Correct answer: 4
Rationale: Most pediatric medications are available in liquid, suspension, or chewable
tablets. Only scored tablets should be divided. Extended-release tablets and medication
in capsule form, such as Ditropan XL (oxybutynin) and potassium chloride (Slo-K),
should not be chewed or crushed. Gel tablets, such as Colace (docusate sodium)
should not be cut or dissolved.
Page reference: Page 501
,The mother and grandmother of a child are at the bedside, rubbing the skin of a child
when the nurse enters the room, the visitors a startled and drop the item they were
rubbing against the child's skin. The nurse picks up the item and recognizes it as a
penny. The best response of the nurse is to?
1. ask, "What on earth are you doing to that child with this penny?"
2. Give a penny back to mother leave the room to give them their privacy.
3. Tell them that they could hurt the child with the penny and there are many germs on
coins.
4. Return the paint to the mother an open dialogue about the practices are using. -
Answer Correct answer: 4
Rationale: Cultural practices need to be considered, and an open dialogue about these
practices will help the health care team to understand the reasoning behind them. As
long as patient safety is not compromised, the caregivers should allow these practices
to take place. Communication should reflect a nonjudgmental attitude on the part of the
caretaker. If the cultural practice compromises safety or is against hospital policy, the
health care provider should educate the patient and family members as to why the
practice should not take place in the hospital setting.
Page reference: Page 490 (See also Chapter 24 Page 575.)
What is the most effective position for the nurse to place a toddler in to administer
medications?
Semi-sitting position on a nurse's lap
Sitting in a high chair
Semi-Fowler's in a crib
Standing after providing an explanation - Answer Semi-sitting position on a nurse's lap
Toddlers are usually going to resist and this will allow for the most effective method to
administer medications.REF: Page 501
A child on the pediatric unit has an order for a 24-hour urine specimen. Six hours after
initiating the specimen collection the parents inform nursing staff that the child was
incontinent. What instruction does the nurse provide to the parents at this time?
Lost specimens necessitate restarting the test.
The specimen can now be sent to the laboratory.
They should continue collecting the child's urine.
The child will now require a straight catheterization to obtain urine. - Answer Lost
specimens necessitate restarting the test.
At times a 24-hour urine specimen may be requested to determine the rate of urine
production and measure the excretion of specific chemicals from the body. The nurses
on each shift must closely supervise this test to maintain its accuracy, because lost
specimens necessitate restarting the test.REF: Page 497
The nurse enters the room of a 2-month-old patient and observes the infant actively
feeding with a propped formula bottle. What fact related to propping bottles should the
nurse consider when preparing education for the family at this time?
,It is an effective technique for feeding.
It significantly increases choking risk.
It is a common cultural practice and requires respect.
It will assist the infant to learn how to hold the bottle independently. - Answer It
significantly increases choking risk.
Propped nursing bottles or force-feeding small children can lead to choking.REF: Page
488
Which procedure could be performed to obtain spinal fluid for examination?
Thoracentesis
Needle aspiration
Lumbar puncture
Bone marrow aspiration - Answer Lumbar puncture
A lumbar puncture is also referred to as a spinal tap and is done to obtain spinal fluid for
examination or to reduce pressure within the brain in conditions such as hydrocephalus
or meningitis.REF: Page 498
A 3-year-old patient requires a pulse assessment. Which anatomical area is the best to
assess the toddler's pulse?
Radial
Popliteal
Apical
Carotid - Answer Apical
The pulse of the older child is taken just like that of an adult. Apical pulses are advised
for children younger than 5 years of age.REF: Page 491
Which of the following statements are appropriate when administering medications to
children?
Select all that apply.
The nurse should plan additional time for administering medications to children.
The nurse may leave non-narcotic pain relievers at the bedside for an adolescent.
The nurse will find that resistive behavior to taking medications is at a peak with
toddlers..
The nurse will find that chewable tablets are preferred for Preschool age children.
The nurse may suggest that the parent give an injection, if infants are resistant to
injections. - Answer The nurse should plan additional time for administering
medications to children.,The nurse will find that resistive behavior to taking medications
is at a peak with toddlers., The nurse will find that chewable tablets are preferred for
Preschool age children.
Children may be uncooperative, so extra time must be allowed. Resistance is higher
with toddlers, so nurses must plan for this. Elixirs and chewable tablets are preferred for
Preschoolers. The nurse should not leave medications with an adolescent to take at a
later time. The nurse should always be the professional who gives the injection. This
should not be delegated to the parents.REF: Page 511
, How often should the nurse assess the IV line of a pediatric patient?
Every hour
Every 2hours
Every 4 hours
Every shift - Answer Every hour
IV medications can cause phlebitis, and the nurse must observe the child's IV site
hourly for reddened areas or signs of inflammation. Infiltration is a risk for children who
are active, and the site should be observed hourly because infants cannot communicate
the burning or pain that may accompany infiltration. The nurse should monitor the rate
of the IV flow, refill the burettes hourly, observe the condition of the IV site, identify the
responses of the child, and document findings.REF: Page 505
What is the most significant reason for obtaining an accurate weight on a child in the
hospital?
Plots their growth on the growth chart
Helps determine dose of medication
Allows for accurate nutrition orders
Helps identify growth disorders - Answer Helps determine dose of medication
The most significant reason for obtaining a weight is for calculating medications. The
other ones are accurate reasons that nurses obtain weights, but the most significant
reason is to allow for accurate dosing of medication. If the pharmacy doesn't have an
accurate weight, then the medications can't be ordered accurately.REF: Page 507
Puberty starts in girls with breast development. True or False - Answer False , puberty
is easily recognized in girls by menarche.
A fear that is unique to 5-year olds is a fear of bodily harm. True or False - Answer
False, the fear of bodily harm, particularly the loss of body parts, is unique to 3-year
olds
The pincer grasp is the accurate and coordinated opposition of index finger and thumb
of the same hand. True or False - Answer True
Pretension is the ability to grasp objects between all fingers of one hand and the
opposing thumb of the same hand. True or False - Answer True
What activity would the nurse choose to meet Erikson's developmental task of industry
when caring for a 7-year old? - Answer Completing a 50-piece jigsaw puzzle
A mother calls the pediatricians office because her infant is "colicky". What is the most
helpful measure the nurse can suggest to the mother - Answer Rock the fussy infant
slowly and gently
Which approach is best for administering oral medication to a young child?
1. "Would you please take your medicine now, David?"
2. "Look how good Johnny takes his medication. Can you do that too, David"
3. "You must take your medication now if you want to get better."
4. "It's time for the medicine, David. Would you like water juice after it?" - Answer
Correct answer: 4
Rationale: Allowing a young child autonomy, providing praise for cooperation, and
providing a good-tasting liquid or a frozen treat following administration of a medication
are all techniques that encourage compliance.
Page reference: Page 501-502
The preferred site for an intramuscular injection in small infant is:
1. dorsogluteal
2. ventrogluteal
3. vastus lateralis
4. deltoid - Answer Correct answer: 3
Rationale: IM injections are given into the vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh in all
infants. The site is free of major nerves and blood vessels.
Page reference: Page 503
The physician orders 10 mg of Demerol for an infant after surgery. If the label reads 50
mg/ml, the nurse would administer
1. 2.0 mL
2. 0.8 mL
3. 0.5 mL
4. 0.2 mL - Answer Correct answer: 4
Rationale:
Page reference: Page 509 Box 22-2
Which of the following medication can be crushed when administered to a pediatric
patient?
1. Potassium chloride (Slo-K" capsule
2. Colace gel tablets ( Docusate)
3. Ditropan XL tablets (oxybutynin)
4. Simethicone tablet - Answer Correct answer: 4
Rationale: Most pediatric medications are available in liquid, suspension, or chewable
tablets. Only scored tablets should be divided. Extended-release tablets and medication
in capsule form, such as Ditropan XL (oxybutynin) and potassium chloride (Slo-K),
should not be chewed or crushed. Gel tablets, such as Colace (docusate sodium)
should not be cut or dissolved.
Page reference: Page 501
,The mother and grandmother of a child are at the bedside, rubbing the skin of a child
when the nurse enters the room, the visitors a startled and drop the item they were
rubbing against the child's skin. The nurse picks up the item and recognizes it as a
penny. The best response of the nurse is to?
1. ask, "What on earth are you doing to that child with this penny?"
2. Give a penny back to mother leave the room to give them their privacy.
3. Tell them that they could hurt the child with the penny and there are many germs on
coins.
4. Return the paint to the mother an open dialogue about the practices are using. -
Answer Correct answer: 4
Rationale: Cultural practices need to be considered, and an open dialogue about these
practices will help the health care team to understand the reasoning behind them. As
long as patient safety is not compromised, the caregivers should allow these practices
to take place. Communication should reflect a nonjudgmental attitude on the part of the
caretaker. If the cultural practice compromises safety or is against hospital policy, the
health care provider should educate the patient and family members as to why the
practice should not take place in the hospital setting.
Page reference: Page 490 (See also Chapter 24 Page 575.)
What is the most effective position for the nurse to place a toddler in to administer
medications?
Semi-sitting position on a nurse's lap
Sitting in a high chair
Semi-Fowler's in a crib
Standing after providing an explanation - Answer Semi-sitting position on a nurse's lap
Toddlers are usually going to resist and this will allow for the most effective method to
administer medications.REF: Page 501
A child on the pediatric unit has an order for a 24-hour urine specimen. Six hours after
initiating the specimen collection the parents inform nursing staff that the child was
incontinent. What instruction does the nurse provide to the parents at this time?
Lost specimens necessitate restarting the test.
The specimen can now be sent to the laboratory.
They should continue collecting the child's urine.
The child will now require a straight catheterization to obtain urine. - Answer Lost
specimens necessitate restarting the test.
At times a 24-hour urine specimen may be requested to determine the rate of urine
production and measure the excretion of specific chemicals from the body. The nurses
on each shift must closely supervise this test to maintain its accuracy, because lost
specimens necessitate restarting the test.REF: Page 497
The nurse enters the room of a 2-month-old patient and observes the infant actively
feeding with a propped formula bottle. What fact related to propping bottles should the
nurse consider when preparing education for the family at this time?
,It is an effective technique for feeding.
It significantly increases choking risk.
It is a common cultural practice and requires respect.
It will assist the infant to learn how to hold the bottle independently. - Answer It
significantly increases choking risk.
Propped nursing bottles or force-feeding small children can lead to choking.REF: Page
488
Which procedure could be performed to obtain spinal fluid for examination?
Thoracentesis
Needle aspiration
Lumbar puncture
Bone marrow aspiration - Answer Lumbar puncture
A lumbar puncture is also referred to as a spinal tap and is done to obtain spinal fluid for
examination or to reduce pressure within the brain in conditions such as hydrocephalus
or meningitis.REF: Page 498
A 3-year-old patient requires a pulse assessment. Which anatomical area is the best to
assess the toddler's pulse?
Radial
Popliteal
Apical
Carotid - Answer Apical
The pulse of the older child is taken just like that of an adult. Apical pulses are advised
for children younger than 5 years of age.REF: Page 491
Which of the following statements are appropriate when administering medications to
children?
Select all that apply.
The nurse should plan additional time for administering medications to children.
The nurse may leave non-narcotic pain relievers at the bedside for an adolescent.
The nurse will find that resistive behavior to taking medications is at a peak with
toddlers..
The nurse will find that chewable tablets are preferred for Preschool age children.
The nurse may suggest that the parent give an injection, if infants are resistant to
injections. - Answer The nurse should plan additional time for administering
medications to children.,The nurse will find that resistive behavior to taking medications
is at a peak with toddlers., The nurse will find that chewable tablets are preferred for
Preschool age children.
Children may be uncooperative, so extra time must be allowed. Resistance is higher
with toddlers, so nurses must plan for this. Elixirs and chewable tablets are preferred for
Preschoolers. The nurse should not leave medications with an adolescent to take at a
later time. The nurse should always be the professional who gives the injection. This
should not be delegated to the parents.REF: Page 511
, How often should the nurse assess the IV line of a pediatric patient?
Every hour
Every 2hours
Every 4 hours
Every shift - Answer Every hour
IV medications can cause phlebitis, and the nurse must observe the child's IV site
hourly for reddened areas or signs of inflammation. Infiltration is a risk for children who
are active, and the site should be observed hourly because infants cannot communicate
the burning or pain that may accompany infiltration. The nurse should monitor the rate
of the IV flow, refill the burettes hourly, observe the condition of the IV site, identify the
responses of the child, and document findings.REF: Page 505
What is the most significant reason for obtaining an accurate weight on a child in the
hospital?
Plots their growth on the growth chart
Helps determine dose of medication
Allows for accurate nutrition orders
Helps identify growth disorders - Answer Helps determine dose of medication
The most significant reason for obtaining a weight is for calculating medications. The
other ones are accurate reasons that nurses obtain weights, but the most significant
reason is to allow for accurate dosing of medication. If the pharmacy doesn't have an
accurate weight, then the medications can't be ordered accurately.REF: Page 507
Puberty starts in girls with breast development. True or False - Answer False , puberty
is easily recognized in girls by menarche.
A fear that is unique to 5-year olds is a fear of bodily harm. True or False - Answer
False, the fear of bodily harm, particularly the loss of body parts, is unique to 3-year
olds
The pincer grasp is the accurate and coordinated opposition of index finger and thumb
of the same hand. True or False - Answer True
Pretension is the ability to grasp objects between all fingers of one hand and the
opposing thumb of the same hand. True or False - Answer True
What activity would the nurse choose to meet Erikson's developmental task of industry
when caring for a 7-year old? - Answer Completing a 50-piece jigsaw puzzle
A mother calls the pediatricians office because her infant is "colicky". What is the most
helpful measure the nurse can suggest to the mother - Answer Rock the fussy infant
slowly and gently
