Portage Learning Microbiology
Microorganism - ANS Single cell (bacteria, archaeons, fungi, protozoa, algae)
Virus - ANS Not living, not considered microorganisms, considered microbes
Microbes - ANS Include microorganisms and viruses, can be advantageous or harmful
Cell - ANS Smallest, most basic biological unit of life
All cells are compromised of - ANS Macromolecules (building bloacks)
Four main types of macromolecules found ing cells - ANS Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and
polysaccharides
Proteins - ANS Comprised of amino acids, facilitate movement of materials, act as enzymes to
speed up biochemical processes, structural role
Amino Acid - ANS Way proteins are formed by varying combinations, 20 different kinds
Each protein - ANS has its own unique sequence of amino acids
Essential Amino Acids - ANS human body cannot produce them, they must be taken in from
the environment through other sources (food you eat)
Nucleic Acid - ANS chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell
Two types of nucleic acids - ANS DNA and RNA
DNA - ANS deoxyribonucleic acid, contains vast amount of hereditary info and is responsible
for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms, made from nucleotides
RNA - ANS ribonucleic acid, responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and
using it to synthesize proteins
Can DNA and RNA be found in the nucleus? - ANS Yes
Can DNA and RNA leave the nucleus? - ANS Only RNA. DNA is highly compact in the nucleus
Three parts of a nucleotide - ANS Nitrogenous base, sugar called deoxyribose, and a
phosphate group
Four kinds of nitrogenous bases - ANS Adenine or guanine (purine bases) and cytosine or
thymine (pyrimidine bases)
What forms the backbone of a DNA strand? - ANS Sugar and phosphate
What base protrudes outward from the deoxyribose sugar? - ANS Nitrogenous base
Strands from DNA produce a - ANS double helix (two strands held together by hydrogen
bonding)
Adenine and Thymine - ANS Complimentary bases, form two hydrogen bonds
Guanine and Cytosine - ANS Complimentary bases, form three hydrogen bonds
RNA contains the _____ ribose rather than deoxyribose - ANS Sugar
RNA is always ______ stranded - ANS Single
RNA contains bases - ANS adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil (no thymine); U pairs with A, A
can still pair with T
Lipids form the - ANS foundation of the plasma membrane; this surrounds the cell as a barrier
that separates the inside of the cell from the outside surrounding environment
Lipids are composed of - ANS Hydrophobic hydrocarbons
Plama membrane - ANS restricts movement of materials either in or out of the cell, keep what
is needed, prevent escape of essential nutrients
Polysaccharides and Proteins - ANS are often associated with the membrane and aid in
controlling movement of materials in and out of the cell
Microorganism - ANS Single cell (bacteria, archaeons, fungi, protozoa, algae)
Virus - ANS Not living, not considered microorganisms, considered microbes
Microbes - ANS Include microorganisms and viruses, can be advantageous or harmful
Cell - ANS Smallest, most basic biological unit of life
All cells are compromised of - ANS Macromolecules (building bloacks)
Four main types of macromolecules found ing cells - ANS Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and
polysaccharides
Proteins - ANS Comprised of amino acids, facilitate movement of materials, act as enzymes to
speed up biochemical processes, structural role
Amino Acid - ANS Way proteins are formed by varying combinations, 20 different kinds
Each protein - ANS has its own unique sequence of amino acids
Essential Amino Acids - ANS human body cannot produce them, they must be taken in from
the environment through other sources (food you eat)
Nucleic Acid - ANS chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell
Two types of nucleic acids - ANS DNA and RNA
DNA - ANS deoxyribonucleic acid, contains vast amount of hereditary info and is responsible
for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms, made from nucleotides
RNA - ANS ribonucleic acid, responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and
using it to synthesize proteins
Can DNA and RNA be found in the nucleus? - ANS Yes
Can DNA and RNA leave the nucleus? - ANS Only RNA. DNA is highly compact in the nucleus
Three parts of a nucleotide - ANS Nitrogenous base, sugar called deoxyribose, and a
phosphate group
Four kinds of nitrogenous bases - ANS Adenine or guanine (purine bases) and cytosine or
thymine (pyrimidine bases)
What forms the backbone of a DNA strand? - ANS Sugar and phosphate
What base protrudes outward from the deoxyribose sugar? - ANS Nitrogenous base
Strands from DNA produce a - ANS double helix (two strands held together by hydrogen
bonding)
Adenine and Thymine - ANS Complimentary bases, form two hydrogen bonds
Guanine and Cytosine - ANS Complimentary bases, form three hydrogen bonds
RNA contains the _____ ribose rather than deoxyribose - ANS Sugar
RNA is always ______ stranded - ANS Single
RNA contains bases - ANS adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil (no thymine); U pairs with A, A
can still pair with T
Lipids form the - ANS foundation of the plasma membrane; this surrounds the cell as a barrier
that separates the inside of the cell from the outside surrounding environment
Lipids are composed of - ANS Hydrophobic hydrocarbons
Plama membrane - ANS restricts movement of materials either in or out of the cell, keep what
is needed, prevent escape of essential nutrients
Polysaccharides and Proteins - ANS are often associated with the membrane and aid in
controlling movement of materials in and out of the cell
