PHARMA EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
ASSURED SUCCEED
Pentaspan (pentastarch)
Plasma volume expander - ANS_ Contraindications:
In patients with known hypersensitivity to hydroxyethyl
starch, with bleeding disorders, or with congestive heart
failure where volume overload is a potential problem.
Pentastarch should not be used in renal disease with
oliguria or anuria not related to hypovolemia
Precautions:
Pentastarch, like all plasma volume expanders, is not a
substitute for red blood cells or coagulation factors in
plasma. The possibility of circulatory overload should
be kept in mind.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Anticonvulsant/antiarrhythmic, sodium channel blocker
MOA - ANS_ Anticonvulsant: stabilizes neuronal
membranes and limits seizure activity by either
increasing efflux or decreasing the influx of sodium ions
across cell membranes in the motor cortex during the
generation of nerve impulses.
,Antiarrhythmic: normalizes sodium influx to Purkinje's
fibers in patients with induced dysrhythmias
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Anticonvulsant/antiarrhythmic, sodium channel blocker
Indications - ANS_ Status epilepticus refractory to
benzodiazepines
Life-threatening arrhythmias caused by digitalis
toxicity and Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Anticonvulsant/antiarrhythmic, sodium channel blocker
Contraindications/cautions
- ANS_ Con traindications:
Bradycardia
High-grade heart block
Precautions:
If the patient takes phenytoin daily, blood levels
should be determined before administration.
Benzodiazepines, amiodarone, and allopurinol increase
phenytoin effects.
,Severe hypotension and cardiovascular collapse occur if
the IV administration rate exceeds 50 mg/min.
Phenytoin is incompatible with solutions containing
dextrose. Do not dilute with D5W; only NS. Must run
through a microfilter.
Procainamide Hcl
(priestly) Class 1a
anti-arrhythmic
MOA - ANS_ Antiarrhythmic: depresses phase 0 of the
action potential. Decreases myocardial excitability, and
conduction velocity and may depress contractility.
Prolongs the effective refractory period, which exceeds
the action potential duration leaving tissue refractory
even after returning to resting membrane potential
(membrane stabilizing effect).
Prolongs PR and QT intervals.
Has peripheral vasodilatory properties which may result
in hypotension.
Procainamide Hcl (pronestyl)
, Class 1a anti-arrhythmic
Indications - ANS_ Recurrent
Ventricular tachycardia Wide
complex tachycardia of unknown
origin
Refractory ventricular fibrillation/ pulseless
ventricular tachycardia SVT, atrial
fibrillation/flutter with rapid ventricular
response (conversion)
Control of rapid ventricular rate due to accessory
pathway conduction in pre-excited atrial arrhythmias
Procainamide Hcl
(priestly) Class 1a
anti-arrhythmic
Contraindications - ANS_
Contraindications: Any
dysrhythmia induced by
digoxin toxicity typical V-Tach
(Torsades de Pointes)
TCA antidepressant-
induced dysrhythmia 2nd
or 3rd-degree AV block
Patients with preexisting
ASSURED SUCCEED
Pentaspan (pentastarch)
Plasma volume expander - ANS_ Contraindications:
In patients with known hypersensitivity to hydroxyethyl
starch, with bleeding disorders, or with congestive heart
failure where volume overload is a potential problem.
Pentastarch should not be used in renal disease with
oliguria or anuria not related to hypovolemia
Precautions:
Pentastarch, like all plasma volume expanders, is not a
substitute for red blood cells or coagulation factors in
plasma. The possibility of circulatory overload should
be kept in mind.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Anticonvulsant/antiarrhythmic, sodium channel blocker
MOA - ANS_ Anticonvulsant: stabilizes neuronal
membranes and limits seizure activity by either
increasing efflux or decreasing the influx of sodium ions
across cell membranes in the motor cortex during the
generation of nerve impulses.
,Antiarrhythmic: normalizes sodium influx to Purkinje's
fibers in patients with induced dysrhythmias
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Anticonvulsant/antiarrhythmic, sodium channel blocker
Indications - ANS_ Status epilepticus refractory to
benzodiazepines
Life-threatening arrhythmias caused by digitalis
toxicity and Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Anticonvulsant/antiarrhythmic, sodium channel blocker
Contraindications/cautions
- ANS_ Con traindications:
Bradycardia
High-grade heart block
Precautions:
If the patient takes phenytoin daily, blood levels
should be determined before administration.
Benzodiazepines, amiodarone, and allopurinol increase
phenytoin effects.
,Severe hypotension and cardiovascular collapse occur if
the IV administration rate exceeds 50 mg/min.
Phenytoin is incompatible with solutions containing
dextrose. Do not dilute with D5W; only NS. Must run
through a microfilter.
Procainamide Hcl
(priestly) Class 1a
anti-arrhythmic
MOA - ANS_ Antiarrhythmic: depresses phase 0 of the
action potential. Decreases myocardial excitability, and
conduction velocity and may depress contractility.
Prolongs the effective refractory period, which exceeds
the action potential duration leaving tissue refractory
even after returning to resting membrane potential
(membrane stabilizing effect).
Prolongs PR and QT intervals.
Has peripheral vasodilatory properties which may result
in hypotension.
Procainamide Hcl (pronestyl)
, Class 1a anti-arrhythmic
Indications - ANS_ Recurrent
Ventricular tachycardia Wide
complex tachycardia of unknown
origin
Refractory ventricular fibrillation/ pulseless
ventricular tachycardia SVT, atrial
fibrillation/flutter with rapid ventricular
response (conversion)
Control of rapid ventricular rate due to accessory
pathway conduction in pre-excited atrial arrhythmias
Procainamide Hcl
(priestly) Class 1a
anti-arrhythmic
Contraindications - ANS_
Contraindications: Any
dysrhythmia induced by
digoxin toxicity typical V-Tach
(Torsades de Pointes)
TCA antidepressant-
induced dysrhythmia 2nd
or 3rd-degree AV block
Patients with preexisting
