Exam 2: Communicable Diseases Questions and Correct Solution Graded to Pass

Airborne Precautions Small particle or evaporated droplets or dust. If possible, put the child in a negative pressure isolation room Droplet Precautions Large-particles that come from sneezing, coughing, speech, and crying Contact Precautions Exercise judgement in this precaution with gloves, gowns, and mask Aphthous Stomatitis Type of Stomatitis This type of stomatitis has an onset associated with mild trauma, allergy, or emotional stress. The lesions are painful, small, whitish ulcerations surrounded by a red border Herpetic Gingivostomatitis Type of Stomatitis This type of stomatitis is also known as a "cold sore" and is precipitated by emotional stress, trauma, immunosuppression, or exposure to excessive sunlight Pain Stomatitis Treatment for all types of stomatitis is aimed at relief of symptoms, primarily _______ Giardiasis Non-Vaccine Communicable Diseases Transmission -Direct contact with contaminated water or food Manifestations -Abdominal cramps -Diarrhea -Flatulence -Vomiting Treatment -Flagyl or Tindamax Infants and young children Non-Vaccine Communicable Diseases If this age group contracts giardiasis, they will experience: -Diarrhea -Vomiting -Anorexia -Failure to thrive Children older than 5 years Non-Vaccine Communicable Diseases If this age group contracts giardiasis, they will experience: -Abdominal cramps -Intermittent loose stools -Constipation Rare chronic form Non-Vaccine Communicable Diseases This type of giardiasis presents with: -Intermittent, loose, foul-smelling stools -Abdominal bloating -Sulfur tasting belches -Epigastric pain -Vomiting -HA and weight loss Enterobiasis (Pinworms) Non-Vaccine Communicable Diseases Transmission -Inhalation or ingestion of eggs from contaminated food Manifestations -Irritibility/restlessness -Poor sleep -Bed-wetting -Perianal dermatitis and excoriation secondary to itching -Possible vaginal or urethral infection Treatment -Pyrantel Pamoate or Albendazole x1, then again in 2 weeks -Treat family members Fingernails Pinworms (Enterobiasis) As the child scratches, eggs are deposited on the hands and underneath the ___________, making them prone to reinfection Perianal Pinworms (Enterobiasis) To diagnose the child with pinworms, a tape test is done. A loop of transparent tape is placed around the end of a tongue depressor and firmly pressed against the child's _________ area Mumps Transmission: Droplet Clinical Manifestations: · Fever and sore throat · Enlarged parotid glands · Swollen testicles (can lead to infertility) Treatment: · Rest and analgesics · Soft foods and liquids due to sore throat Precautions: Droplet Diphtheria Transmission: Direct Contact Clinical Manifestations: · Nasal: Resembles common cold (serosanguinous discharge) · Tonsillar-Pharyngeal: Malaise, anorexia, sore throat, low grade fever, “bull’s neck” (lymphadenitis) · Laryngeal: Fever, hoarseness, cough, potential airway obstruction Treatment: Antibiotics, bed rest Precautions: Droplet Varicella Transmission: Direct contact, droplet spread, contaminated objects Clinical Manifestations: · Prodromal Stage: slight fever, malaise, and anorexia for first 24 hours · Papule – vesicle – crust Precautions: Standard. Child is contagious a day before rash appears and until vesicles have crusted over Prevention: Immunizations, and secondary skin infections and complications