update 2023 GRADED A+
What is S4 indicative of? - In the 2nd phase of ventricular filling, vibration in
the valves, papillae, and ventricular walls produce S4. When there is
increased resistance to filling because ventricular walls have lost
compliance. HTN, CAD or increased stroke volume high output, anemia,
pregnancy, and thyrotoxicosis. A loud S4 suggest pathology and deserves
additional evaluation.
State the order of the abdominal exam? - Inspect, auscultate, percuss, and
palpate
The tonsil assessment, state how tonsils are graded, and the exam
documented? - Grade +1-+4. 1+ visible, 2+ halfway between tonsillar
pillars and the uvula, 3+ nearly touching the uvula, 4+ touching each other.
Sinuses- How do you assess the sinuses? Anatomical location of the sinuses
on the face. Name the sinus cavities. - Assessment: inspect for swelling,
tenderness, and pain by palpating, frontal with thumbs, and either side of
the nose, zygomatic processes, and maxillary sinus, with thumbs or index
finger-positive findings indicate obstruction or infection.
Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary
All in relation to the nasal cavity. Frontal is above, maxillary is along the
lateral wall, ethmoid sinuses lie behind frontal sinuses near superior portion
of nasal cavity, sphenoid sinuses are deep in the skull behind the ethmoid
sinuses.
Know the oral cancer assessment, screening. - Inspecting the oral cavity,
have pt lift tongue, move side to side, up and stick out, palpate with
gloved hand.
What is the most common site of oral cancer? - Vermilion border of the
lips (line that goes around the outside of the lips).
What are the steps of the hearing exam with the tuning fork? - Weber test-
used with a tuning fork for you to compare hearing by bone conduction
with that by air conduction. You're going to strike the tuning fork and
you're going to put that at the top of the patient's head and the ask them
to tell you whether or not there is sound from the vibration both ears
equally or dose it lateralize to the affected side.
Rhinne Test- Assesses and compares patient's ability to hear both through
bone and air conduction. Again, you strike the tuning fork and you actually
place it on the mastoid bone behind the patients ear one at a time and when
the patient can no longer hear the vibration, you move the tuning fork to
place it next to the ear, laterally to the ear and then ask the patient to tell
, you when the sound stops. You're going to compare the air conduction with
the bone conduction and the actual air conduction is supposed to be more
than bone conduction, which is normal, ac is more than bc.