CHM 120: Final Exam Review
Chapter 1:
• know how to apply Scientific method
• Know the definitions for hypothesis, scientific law, and scientific theory.
• Chapter 2:
• Know that matter is studied at the macroscopic, microscopic, particulate (molecular) levels
• Physical states of matter
- Determine physical state of substances (solids, liquids, gases) given descriptions of
volume, shape, particles moving, etc.
• Be able to identify properties and changes as physical or chemical
- Know terms for changes of state:
- Melting, freezing, vaporizing, condensation, sublimation, deposition
• Law of Conservation of Mass:
Chapter 3:
• Significant figures or digits
- Rounding
- In addition, subtraction
- In multiplication, division
- In measurements (uncertainty)
• Scientific notation
• Solve problems using dimensional analysis with conversion factors, showing all work
• Use dimensional analysis to solve problems
• Know English system of units
• Metric system
- Know the metric prefixes (G,M,k,d,c,m,µ,n)
- Be able to perform metric-metric conversions using these prefixes
• Use the metric-English conversions provided (1 in. = 2.54 cm; 1 lb=453.6 g; 1 qt=946 mL; 1
gal =3.785 L)
• Know 1 cm3 = 1 mL and 1 dm3=1 L
• Volume by calculation
• Vrectangular solid = length x width x thickness
• Volume by displacement
,• Density: D = m/V
- Be able to determine density, mass, or volume given the other two quantities
- Identify what items sink or float in a given liquid given the densities of the liquid and
other substances.
• Temperature
- Know the formulas for converting ̊F to ̊C or ̊C to̊F and K to ̊C or ̊C to K
• Percentage: ratio of parts per 100 parts
- Given amount of part and whole, calculate %
- Use a given % to solve for part or whole
- Calculate weighted averages keeping track of sig figs and decimal places when
appropriate.
- Know how to use percentage as a conversion factor with appropriate units
Chapter 5:
Know ideas of matter proposed by Democritus, Empedocles, and Aristotle.
• Know the main points of John Dalton’s model, what was later proven wrong and why
• Know Plum-Pudding Model vs Nuclear Model.
• Know Rutherford’s Alpha Scattering Experiment and what was determined from it
- Protons are concentrated in the atomic nucleus, and electrons are outside the nucleus.
- The atom is mostly empty space.
• The radius of an atom is about 10-10m, and
• the radius of its nucleus is about 10-15 m
• Subatomic particles
- proton (p+): +1 charge, inside nucleus
- neutron (n): neutral, inside nucleus
- electron (e ): –1 charge, outside nucleus
–
• Know the names and element symbols for elements #1-56 plus Pt, Au, Hg, Pb, Bi,U,Pu on
the Periodic Table.
- Given the element symbol, name the Element, or vice versa. Spelling counts!
• Know definitions of isotope, atomic number, mass number, atomic mass
• Know the atomic mass reported on the
Periodic Table is the weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes for that element.
• Calculate the atomic mass of an element given the percent natural abundance and atomic
masses of its naturally occurring isotopes (to the correct number of sig figs and decimal
places).
• The Periodic Table
, - column = group, family
- row = period, series
• Representative Elements: A Group Elements
- Group IA: alkali metals (except H!)
- Group IIA: alkaline earth metals
- Group VIIA: halogens
- Group VIIIA: noble gases
• Transition Metals/Elements: B Group Elements
• Inner Transition Elements
- Elements in lanthanide and actinide series
• Metals, nonmetals, and semimetals:
- Know properties of metals and nonmetals
- Location on Periodic Table and properties
Chapter 6:
Diatomic elements : H2, N2,O2,F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
• ionic compound: a compound consisting of metal cations and anions held together by
ionic bonds
• molecule (or molecular compound): a compound consisting of nonmetal atoms held
together by covalent bonds
• Identify a compound as an ionic compound or molecule given its name or chemical
formula
• Naming cations:
- Group IA, IIA, Al, Ag, Zn, Cd: element name + ion
- All other metals - Stock system: element name (charge in Roman #s) + ion
• Naming anions: nonmetal stem + "-ide" + ion
- Know the names and formulas of POLYATOMIC IONS
• Naming ionic compounds:
- cation name + anion name
- IA, IIA, Al, Ag, Zn, Cd don't need Roman #s
- All other metals need Roman #s
• Nomenclature for Ionic Compounds:
- Given formula of a compound, determine name.
- Given the name of a compound, give formula.
Chapter 1:
• know how to apply Scientific method
• Know the definitions for hypothesis, scientific law, and scientific theory.
• Chapter 2:
• Know that matter is studied at the macroscopic, microscopic, particulate (molecular) levels
• Physical states of matter
- Determine physical state of substances (solids, liquids, gases) given descriptions of
volume, shape, particles moving, etc.
• Be able to identify properties and changes as physical or chemical
- Know terms for changes of state:
- Melting, freezing, vaporizing, condensation, sublimation, deposition
• Law of Conservation of Mass:
Chapter 3:
• Significant figures or digits
- Rounding
- In addition, subtraction
- In multiplication, division
- In measurements (uncertainty)
• Scientific notation
• Solve problems using dimensional analysis with conversion factors, showing all work
• Use dimensional analysis to solve problems
• Know English system of units
• Metric system
- Know the metric prefixes (G,M,k,d,c,m,µ,n)
- Be able to perform metric-metric conversions using these prefixes
• Use the metric-English conversions provided (1 in. = 2.54 cm; 1 lb=453.6 g; 1 qt=946 mL; 1
gal =3.785 L)
• Know 1 cm3 = 1 mL and 1 dm3=1 L
• Volume by calculation
• Vrectangular solid = length x width x thickness
• Volume by displacement
,• Density: D = m/V
- Be able to determine density, mass, or volume given the other two quantities
- Identify what items sink or float in a given liquid given the densities of the liquid and
other substances.
• Temperature
- Know the formulas for converting ̊F to ̊C or ̊C to̊F and K to ̊C or ̊C to K
• Percentage: ratio of parts per 100 parts
- Given amount of part and whole, calculate %
- Use a given % to solve for part or whole
- Calculate weighted averages keeping track of sig figs and decimal places when
appropriate.
- Know how to use percentage as a conversion factor with appropriate units
Chapter 5:
Know ideas of matter proposed by Democritus, Empedocles, and Aristotle.
• Know the main points of John Dalton’s model, what was later proven wrong and why
• Know Plum-Pudding Model vs Nuclear Model.
• Know Rutherford’s Alpha Scattering Experiment and what was determined from it
- Protons are concentrated in the atomic nucleus, and electrons are outside the nucleus.
- The atom is mostly empty space.
• The radius of an atom is about 10-10m, and
• the radius of its nucleus is about 10-15 m
• Subatomic particles
- proton (p+): +1 charge, inside nucleus
- neutron (n): neutral, inside nucleus
- electron (e ): –1 charge, outside nucleus
–
• Know the names and element symbols for elements #1-56 plus Pt, Au, Hg, Pb, Bi,U,Pu on
the Periodic Table.
- Given the element symbol, name the Element, or vice versa. Spelling counts!
• Know definitions of isotope, atomic number, mass number, atomic mass
• Know the atomic mass reported on the
Periodic Table is the weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes for that element.
• Calculate the atomic mass of an element given the percent natural abundance and atomic
masses of its naturally occurring isotopes (to the correct number of sig figs and decimal
places).
• The Periodic Table
, - column = group, family
- row = period, series
• Representative Elements: A Group Elements
- Group IA: alkali metals (except H!)
- Group IIA: alkaline earth metals
- Group VIIA: halogens
- Group VIIIA: noble gases
• Transition Metals/Elements: B Group Elements
• Inner Transition Elements
- Elements in lanthanide and actinide series
• Metals, nonmetals, and semimetals:
- Know properties of metals and nonmetals
- Location on Periodic Table and properties
Chapter 6:
Diatomic elements : H2, N2,O2,F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
• ionic compound: a compound consisting of metal cations and anions held together by
ionic bonds
• molecule (or molecular compound): a compound consisting of nonmetal atoms held
together by covalent bonds
• Identify a compound as an ionic compound or molecule given its name or chemical
formula
• Naming cations:
- Group IA, IIA, Al, Ag, Zn, Cd: element name + ion
- All other metals - Stock system: element name (charge in Roman #s) + ion
• Naming anions: nonmetal stem + "-ide" + ion
- Know the names and formulas of POLYATOMIC IONS
• Naming ionic compounds:
- cation name + anion name
- IA, IIA, Al, Ag, Zn, Cd don't need Roman #s
- All other metals need Roman #s
• Nomenclature for Ionic Compounds:
- Given formula of a compound, determine name.
- Given the name of a compound, give formula.
