WGU Care of the Older Adult - C475 Adult DPV1, Exam Questions and answers, rated A+

WGU Care of the Older Adult - C475 Adult DPV1, Exam Questions and answers, rated A+ "5 Wishes" - • Is a movement that encourages people to provide more specific instructions than those offered by a living will •List the nutritional assessment tests to determine risk for diet-related chronic illness - • Serum albumin: Less than 3.5 g/dl is associated with malnutrition and increased morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition= serum albumin below 3.5. • Body mass index (BMI): The Nutrition Screening Initiative suggests that a BMI of 22-27 is considered normal. Values above or below this range suggest over- and underweight, respectively. Unintended weight loss is a nutritional risk that requires additional assessment. Obesity is a problem for many older Americans, just as it is for younger adults. The Obesity Education Initiative of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2005) has provider guidelines and patient education materials ( • Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) Cholesterol Guidelines: An unintended decrease in cholesterol to less than 150 mg/dl is a nutritional risk ( • ADL and IADL measures: These can assess a client's ability to eat and prepare food and to do the shopping and transportation necessary for good nutrition. • Dietary Reference Intakes and Recommended Daily Allowances: These can be compared with food diaries from a 24- to 48-hour period to assess marked deviation from these guidelines. Clients who use many vitamin and nutritional supplements may be at risk for toxicities. • Depression and dementia: Both are risk factors for nutritional compromise. A theory of behavior change - Attempts to explain the processes underlying the learning of new health behaviors. The two most widely cited theories of behavior change are social cognitive theory, and stages of change. Other theories that have marshaled support are health locus of control health belief model, reasoned action, community empowerment, and community-oriented primary care. AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication) - refers to all forms of communication that enhance or supplement speech and writing, either, temporarily or permanently. AAC can both enhance (augmentative) and replace (alternative) conventional forms of expression for people who can't communicate through speech, writing, or gestures. AADLs (Advanced Activities of Daily Living)- - social, family, and community roles, occupation Active Aging - The term active aging was adopted by the WHO in the late 1990s to allow inclusion of additional factors related to healthy aging. The active aging approach is based on the human rights of older people and the United Nations' principles of independence, participation, dignity, care, and self-fulfillment. Adherence in Low-literacy patients - patients with low literacy can be taught to color code their bottles with colored tape or to use an organizer that separates daily doses into morning, noon, evening, and night. Advanced Directives - helps an individual identify their personal wishes in a legal manner and to share that information with the people around them, including medical personnel. Advocacy - refers to loyalty and a championing of the needs and interests of others, requiring the nurse to educate patients and their families so that they know their rights, are fully informed, and are able to access all the benefits they are entitled to. Age - Old Old= 85+ years Older Adult= 65 years of age or older Ageism - Prejudice towards elderly Alcohol abuse - • The prevalence of alcohol abuse by community-dwelling elderly in the United States is largely unknown, but 6% to 11 % of elderly adults admitted to hospitals are found to have problems with alcohol • CAGE Questionnaire is a self report screening instrument that is easy and quick to administer. It asks four yes/no questions. Cut down, Annoyance, Guilt, Eye opener Alternatives techniques to restraints - • Personal strengthening and rehabilitation program • Use of personal assistance devices such as hearing aids, visual aids, and mobility devices • Use of positioning devices such as body and seat cushions or padded furniture • Safer physical environment design, including removal of obstacles that impede movement, placement of objects and furniture in familiar places, lower beds, and adequate lighting • Regular attention to physical and personal needs, including toileting, thirst, hunger, socialization, and activities adapted to current ability and former interests • Design of physical environment for close observation by staff • Efforts to increase staff awareness of a person's individual needs, including assignment of staff particularly to the person, in an effort to improve function and decrease difficult behaviors • Living environment designed to promote