Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Why are infants most susceptible to significant losses in total body water?
a. High body surface-to-body size ratio
b. Slow metabolic rate
c. Kidneys are not mature enough to counter fluid losses
d. Inability to communicate adequately when he or she is thirsty
ANS: C
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition)
Renal mechanisms that regulate fluid and electrolyte conservation are often not mature enough to
counter the losses; consequently, dehydration may rapidly develop. Infants can be susceptible to
changes in total body water because of their high metabolic rate and the turnover of body fluids
caused by their greater body surface area in proportion to their total body size. An infant’s ability to
communicate is limited and caregivers must become adept at reading their signals.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Why does obesity create a greater risk for dehydration in people?
a. Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling.
b. The metabolic rate of obese adults is slower than the rate of lean adults.
c. The rate of urine output of obese adults is higher than in lean adults.
d. The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively.
ANS: A
The percentage of total body water (TBW) varies with the amount of body fat and age. Because fat is
water repelling (hydrophobic), very little water is contained in adipose cells. Individuals with more
body fat have proportionately less TBW and tend to be more susceptible to fluid imbalances that
cause dehydration.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. A patient’s blood gases reveal the following findings: pH 7.3; bicarbonate (HCO3) 27 mEq/L; carbon
dioxide (CO2) 58 mm Hg. What is the interpretation of these gases?
a. Respiratory alkalosis
b. Metabolic acidosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis
ANS: C
The values provided in this question characterize only acute uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a low pH and high CO2. Alkalosis is characterized by higher
than normal pH. A metabolic acidosis would have a lower than normal pH with a bicarbonate
concentration of <22 mEq/L.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment and the extracellular fluid (ECF)
compartment is primarily a function of what?
a. Osmotic forces
b. Plasma oncotic pressure
c. Antidiuretic hormone
d. Hydrostatic forces
ANS: A
The movement of water between the ICF and ECF compartments is primarily a function of osmotic
forces.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Why are infants most susceptible to significant losses in total body water?
a. High body surface-to-body size ratio
b. Slow metabolic rate
c. Kidneys are not mature enough to counter fluid losses
d. Inability to communicate adequately when he or she is thirsty
ANS: C
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition)
Renal mechanisms that regulate fluid and electrolyte conservation are often not mature enough to
counter the losses; consequently, dehydration may rapidly develop. Infants can be susceptible to
changes in total body water because of their high metabolic rate and the turnover of body fluids
caused by their greater body surface area in proportion to their total body size. An infant’s ability to
communicate is limited and caregivers must become adept at reading their signals.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Why does obesity create a greater risk for dehydration in people?
a. Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling.
b. The metabolic rate of obese adults is slower than the rate of lean adults.
c. The rate of urine output of obese adults is higher than in lean adults.
d. The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively.
ANS: A
The percentage of total body water (TBW) varies with the amount of body fat and age. Because fat is
water repelling (hydrophobic), very little water is contained in adipose cells. Individuals with more
body fat have proportionately less TBW and tend to be more susceptible to fluid imbalances that
cause dehydration.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. A patient’s blood gases reveal the following findings: pH 7.3; bicarbonate (HCO3) 27 mEq/L; carbon
dioxide (CO2) 58 mm Hg. What is the interpretation of these gases?
a. Respiratory alkalosis
b. Metabolic acidosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis
ANS: C
The values provided in this question characterize only acute uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a low pH and high CO2. Alkalosis is characterized by higher
than normal pH. A metabolic acidosis would have a lower than normal pH with a bicarbonate
concentration of <22 mEq/L.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment and the extracellular fluid (ECF)
compartment is primarily a function of what?
a. Osmotic forces
b. Plasma oncotic pressure
c. Antidiuretic hormone
d. Hydrostatic forces
ANS: A
The movement of water between the ICF and ECF compartments is primarily a function of osmotic
forces.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
