Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In somatic cell gene therapy, what type of vector is most commonly used to alter a specific set of an
individual’s somatic cells?
a. Virus
b. Bacteria
c. RNA polymerase
d. Recombinant DNA
ANS: A
In somatic cell gene therapy, a vector is used to carry a normal copy of the mutated gene into the
individual’s cells. These vectors are usually viruses, such as retroviruses, lentiviruses, or
adenoviruses, which have been genetically modified so that they contain the normal human gene and
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition)
cannot make copies of themselves (otherwise they could cause a viral infection). Bacteria, RNA
polymerase, and recombinant DNA are not used as vectors in somatic cell gene therapy.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. In DNA replication, what does the enzyme DNA polymerase do?
a. Travel along the single DNA strand, adding the correct nucleotide to the new strand
b. Move along the double strand of DNA to unwind the nucleotides of the double helix
c. Hold the double strand apart while the correct nucleotides are added to the strand
d. Transport the double strand of DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein formation
ANS: A
The DNA polymerase enzyme travels along the single DNA strand, adding the correct nucleotides to
the free end of the new strand (see Figure 4-3, B). The correct option is the only one that accurately
describes the process involved in DNA replication using DNA polymerase.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. How is transcription best defined?
a. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on ribonucleic acid (RNA).
b. RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides for protein synthesis.
c. RNA is synthesized from a DNA template.
d. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence.
ANS: C
Transcription is the process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template. The correct option is
the only one that accurately defines the term transcription.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. What is the purpose of using a Giemsa staining technique on chromosomes?
a. Permit the mitotic process to be followed and monitored for variations.
b. Allow for the numbering of chromosomes and the identification of variations.
c. Identify new somatic cells formed through mitosis and cytokinesis.
d. Distinguish the sex chromosomes from the homologous chromosomes.
ANS: B
One of the most commonly used stains is Giemsa stain. By using banding techniques, chromosomes
can be unambiguously numbered, and individual variation in chromosome composition can be
studied. Missing or duplicated portions of chromosomes, which often result in serious diseases, also
can be readily identified. The correct option is the only one that accurately describes the purpose of
the Giemsa staining technique.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident?
a. Cytochrome P-450
b. Alpha fetoprotein
c. DNA polymerase
d. Embryonic proteins
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In somatic cell gene therapy, what type of vector is most commonly used to alter a specific set of an
individual’s somatic cells?
a. Virus
b. Bacteria
c. RNA polymerase
d. Recombinant DNA
ANS: A
In somatic cell gene therapy, a vector is used to carry a normal copy of the mutated gene into the
individual’s cells. These vectors are usually viruses, such as retroviruses, lentiviruses, or
adenoviruses, which have been genetically modified so that they contain the normal human gene and
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition)
cannot make copies of themselves (otherwise they could cause a viral infection). Bacteria, RNA
polymerase, and recombinant DNA are not used as vectors in somatic cell gene therapy.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. In DNA replication, what does the enzyme DNA polymerase do?
a. Travel along the single DNA strand, adding the correct nucleotide to the new strand
b. Move along the double strand of DNA to unwind the nucleotides of the double helix
c. Hold the double strand apart while the correct nucleotides are added to the strand
d. Transport the double strand of DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein formation
ANS: A
The DNA polymerase enzyme travels along the single DNA strand, adding the correct nucleotides to
the free end of the new strand (see Figure 4-3, B). The correct option is the only one that accurately
describes the process involved in DNA replication using DNA polymerase.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. How is transcription best defined?
a. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on ribonucleic acid (RNA).
b. RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides for protein synthesis.
c. RNA is synthesized from a DNA template.
d. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence.
ANS: C
Transcription is the process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template. The correct option is
the only one that accurately defines the term transcription.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. What is the purpose of using a Giemsa staining technique on chromosomes?
a. Permit the mitotic process to be followed and monitored for variations.
b. Allow for the numbering of chromosomes and the identification of variations.
c. Identify new somatic cells formed through mitosis and cytokinesis.
d. Distinguish the sex chromosomes from the homologous chromosomes.
ANS: B
One of the most commonly used stains is Giemsa stain. By using banding techniques, chromosomes
can be unambiguously numbered, and individual variation in chromosome composition can be
studied. Missing or duplicated portions of chromosomes, which often result in serious diseases, also
can be readily identified. The correct option is the only one that accurately describes the purpose of
the Giemsa staining technique.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident?
a. Cytochrome P-450
b. Alpha fetoprotein
c. DNA polymerase
d. Embryonic proteins
